d.Clean the genital and perineal area with
antiseptic solution.
e.Place a fenestrated sterile drape over the
perineal area, exposing the labia.
f.Insert the catheter tip into the meatus 7 to
10 cm or until the urine flows.
4.Which of the following actions are appropriate
when conducting a physical assessment of a
patient’s urinary function? (Select all that apply.)
a.The nurse palpates the right kidney by push-
ing down on it when the patient exhales.
b.The nurse should palpate the kidney only
under supervision.
c.The nurse checks for costovertebral tender-
ness by placing one palm flat over the cos-
tovertebral angle and striking the back of
the hand with the other fist.
d.When percussing the bladder, a dull sound
indicates an empty bladder
e.To examine the meatus, the female patient
should be placed in a dorsal recumbent
position.
f.The nurse may use a bedside scanner to
assess the bladder.
5.Which of the following statements accurately
describe the function and composition of the
urinary bladder? (Select all that apply.)
a.The urinary bladder serves as a reservoir for
urine.
b.The urinary bladder is composed of two
layers of muscle tissue, the inner and outer
longitudinal layer.
c.The urinary bladder muscle is innervated
by the autonomic nervous system.
d.The autonomic nervous system carries
inhibitory impulses to the bladder and
motor impulses to the internal sphincter.
e.Inhibitory impulses to the bladder cause
the detrusor muscle to relax and the inter-
nal sphincter to constrict, retaining urine
in the bladder.
f.Motor impulses to the bladder and
inhibitory impulses to the internal sphinc-
ter cause the detrusor muscle to contract
and the sphincter to relax.
6.Which of the following statements accurately
describe the function of the urethra? (Select all
that apply.)
a.The anatomy of the urethra is the same in
males and females.b.The urethra’s function is to convey urine
from the bladder to the exterior.
c.The external sphincter is under involuntary
control.
d.No portion of the female urethra is external
to the body.
e.The male urethra functions in both the excre-
tory system and the reproductive system.
f.The muscle at the meatus of the female is
usually called the internal sphincter.
7.Which of the following is a normal character-
istic of urine? (Select all that apply.)
a.A freshly voided specimen is pale yellow,
straw-colored, or amber, depending on its
concentration.
b.Freshly voided urine smells like ammonia.
c.Fresh urine should be clear or translucent.
d.The normal pH of urine is about 3.2, with a
range of 2.6 to 5.
e.The normal range of the specific gravity of
urine is 1.010 to 1.025.
f.Organic constituents of urine include ammo-
nia, sodium, chloride, and potassium.
8.Which of the following actions would a nurse
perform when measuring a patient’s urinary
output? (Select all that apply.)
a.The nurse asks the patient to void into a
bedpan, urinal, or specimen hat, either in
bed or in the bathroom.
b.The nurse pours the urine from the collec-
tion device into the appropriate measuring
device.
c.The nurse places the calibrated container
on a flat surface for an accurate reading and
reads the amount by looking down into the
specimen.
d.The nurse records the total amount voided
during each shift and the 24-hour period
on the patient’s permanent record.
e.The nurse discards the urine into the toilet
unless a specimen is required.
f.The nurse informs a patient that due to
legal considerations he cannot measure and
record his own output.CHAPTER 37 URINARY ELIMINATION 245
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