2.Which of the following statements regarding
the physiology of the lungs are accurate?
(Select all that apply.)
a.The right lung has two lobes.
b.Each lobe in the lung is further divided into
lobules.
c.The right lung consists of 10 bronchopul-
monary segments.
d.The left lung consists of 12 bronchopul-
monary segments.
e.The lung is composed of alveoli.
f.Surfactant in the lungs increases the surface
tension of the fluid lining the alveoli.
3.Which of the following statements accurately
describe how respirations are controlled in the
body? (Select all that apply.)
a.The medulla in the brain stem is the respi-
ratory center.
b.The medulla is stimulated by a decrease in
the concentration of carbon dioxide and
hydrogen ions and by the decreased
amount of oxygen in the arterial blood.
c.Chemoreceptors in the aortic arch and
carotid bodies can shut down the medulla.
d.Stimulation of the medulla increases the
rate and depth of ventilation to blow off
carbon dioxide and hydrogen and increase
oxygen levels.
e.The medulla sends an impulse down the
spinal cord to the respiratory muscles
to stimulate a contraction leading to
inhalation.
f.The lungs contract in response to pressure
changes in the intrapleural space and lungs.
4.Which of the following statements describe
the developmental variations that occur in the
respiratory process? (Select all that apply.)
a.The normal infant’s chest is small,
although the airways are comparatively
long, and aspiration is a potential problem.
b.The respiratory rate is slower in infants
than at any other age.
c.Respiratory rate stabilizes in young
adulthood.
d.Surfactant is formed in utero at about 34 to
36 weeks.
e.Respiratory activity is primarily abdominal
in infants.f.Infants have a rounded chest wall in which
the anteroposterior diameter is greater than
the transverse diameter.
5.Which of the following normal conditions
would a nurse expect to find when performing
a physical assessment of a patient’s respiratory
system? (Select all that apply.)
a.The chest contour is slightly convex with
no sternal depression.
b.The anteroposterior diameter of the chest
should be less than the transverse diameter.
c.The contour of the intercostal spaces
should be rounded, and the movement of
the chest should be symmetric.
d.When palpating the trachea, the nurse
should note a slightly higher skin tempera-
ture.
e.When assessing tactile fremitus by placing
a palm to the patient’s chest wall, the vibra-
tions from the patient’s repeated word
should be equal bilaterally in different areas
on the chest wall.
f.Hyperresonance, a loud, hollow, low-
pitched sound, should be heard over
normal lungs when they are percussed.
6.Which of the following actions should a nurse
perform when inserting an oropharyngeal air-
way? (Select all that apply.)
a.Use an airway that is the correct size (size
60 mm is appropriate for the average
adult).
b.Wash hands and don gloves. Wear a mask
and goggles if the patient is coughing.
c.Position patient on his/her back with the
head turned to one side, resting on the
cheekbone.
d.Insert the airway with the curved tip point-
ing down toward the base of the mouth.
e.Slide the airway across the tongue to the
back of the mouth and rotate it 180 degrees
as it passes the uvula.
f.Remove airway for a brief period every
4 hours.
7.Which of the following actions would a nurse
perform when correctly providing postural
drainage? (Select all that apply.)
a.Place the patient in a high Fowler’s position
to drain the apical sections of the upper
lobes of the lungs.264 UNIT VII PROMOTING HEALTHY PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES
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