Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing The Art and Science of Nursing Care

ALTERNATE-FORMAT QUESTIONS

Multiple Response Questions

1.a, d, f

2.b, c, d, f

3.b, e, f

4.a, c, d

5.a, b, d, e

6.b, c, e

7.c, d, f

8.a, b, e

9.c, e, f

Prioritization Questions

1.

c. Based on purpose: Descriptors include diagnostic,

ablative, palliative, reconstructive, transplant,

and constructive.

3. a.Induction: Begins with administration of the
   anesthetic agent and continues until patient is
   ready for incision
   b.Maintenance: Continues from point of incision
   until near completion of procedure
   c. Emergence: Starts as patient begins to emerge
   from the anesthesia and usually ends when
   patient is ready to leave the operating room


4. a.Description of the procedure or treatment
   b.Name and qualifications of the person perform-
   ing the procedure or treatment
   c. Explanation of the risks involved, including
   potential for damage, disfigurement, or death
   d.Patient’s right to refuse treatment and withdraw
   consent


5. a.Cardiovascular disease: Increased potential for
   hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock, hypoten-
   sion, venous stasis, thrombophlebitis, and over-
   hydration with IV fluids
   b.Pulmonary disorders: Increased possibility of
   respiratory depression from anesthesia, postop-
   erative pneumonia, atelectasis, and alterations
   in acid–base balance
   c. Kidney and liver function disorders: Influence
   the patient’s response to anesthesia, affect fluid
   and electrolyte as well as acid–base balance,
   alter metabolism and excretion of drugs, and
   impair wound healing
   d.Metabolic disorders: Increased potential for hypo-
   glycemia or acidosis and slow wound healing


6. a.Fear of the unknown: Encourage the patient to
   identify and verbalize fears; identify and correct
   incorrect knowledge; identify patient strengths.
   b.Fear of pain and death: Support the patient’s
   spiritual needs through acceptance,
   participation in prayer, or referral to clergy or
   chaplain.
   c. Fear of changes in body image and self-concept:
   Identify the need for support systems during
   initial interview; arrange a preoperative visit
   from a person who has had the same operation
   and adapted successfully.
   7.The nurse is responsible for ensuring that the tests
   are ordered and performed, that the results are
   recorded in the patient’s record before surgery, and
   that abnormal findings are reported.


7. a.Surgical events and sensations: Tell the patient
   and family when surgery is scheduled; how
   long it will last; what will be done before, dur-
   ing, and after surgery; and what sensations the
   patient will be experiencing during the periop-
   erative period.
   b.Pain management: The patient should be
   informed that pain reported by the patient is
   the determining factor of pain control, pain
   will be assessed as often as every 2 hours after
   major surgery, there is little danger of addiction

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:

ANSWER KEY 377

becagfd

cfgaedb

2.

DEVELOPING YOUR KNOWLEDGE BASE

FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS

1.Perioperative nursing

2.Urgency, risk, purpose

3.Elective surgery

4.Degree of risk

5.Regional

6.Induction, maintenance, emergence

7.Conscious

8.Informed consent

9.Living wills, durable power of attorney

MATCHING EXERCISES

1.a 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.d

6.b

SHORT ANSWER

1. a.Preoperative phase: Begins with the decision
   that surgical intervention is necessary and lasts
   until the patient is transferred to the operating
   room table
   b.Intraoperative phase: Extends from admission
   to the surgical department to transfer to the
   recovery area
   c. Postoperative phase: Lasts from admission to
   the recovery area to the complete recovery from
   surgery


2. a.Based on urgency: May be classified as elective
   surgery (preplanned; patient choice), urgent
   surgery (necessary for patient’s health; not
   emergency), or emergency surgery (preserves
   patient’s life, body part, or body function)
   b.Based on degree of risk: May be classified as minor
   (performed in physician’s office, same-day surgery
   setting, or outpatient clinic) or major (requires
   hospitalization, is prolonged and has higher
   degree of risk, involves major body organs)

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