Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing The Art and Science of Nursing Care

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:

386 ANSWER KEY

Body System Effects of Exercise Effects of Immobility

Cardiovascular cEfficiency of heart cCardiac workload

TResting heart rate and blood pressure cRisk for orthostatic hypotension

cBlood flow and oxygenation of all body parts cRisk for venous thrombosis

Respiratory cDepth of respiration TDepth of respiration

cRespiratory rate TRate of respiration

cGas exchange at alveolar level Pooling of secretions

cRate of carbon dioxide excretion Impaired gas exchange

Gastrointestinal cAppetite Disturbance in appetite

cIntestinal tone Altered protein metabolism

Altered digestion and utilization

of nutrients

Urinary cBlood flow to kidneys cUrinary stasis

cEfficiency in maintaining fluid and cRisk for renal calculi

acid–base balance TBladder muscle tone

cEfficiency in excreting body wastes

Musculoskeletal cMuscle efficiency TMuscle size, tone, and strength

cCoordination TJoint mobility, flexibility

cEfficiency of nerve impulse transmission Bone demineralization

TEndurance, stability

cRisk for contracture formation

Metabolic cEfficiency of metabolic system cRisk for electrolyte imbalance

cEfficiency of body temperature regulation Altered exchange of nutrients

and gases

Integumentary Improved tone, color, and turgor, resulting cRisk for skin breakdown and

from improved circulation formation of decubitus ulcers

Psychological Well-Being Energy, vitality, general well-being cSense of powerlessness

Improved sleep TSelf-concept

Improved appearance TSocial interaction

Improved self-concept TSensory stimulation

Positive health behaviors Altered sleep–wake pattern

cRisk for depression

SHORT ANSWER

1.See table below.

2. a.Motion
   b.Maintenance of posture
   c. Heat production


3. a.Point of origin: Attachment of a muscle to the
   more stationary bone
   b.Point of insertion: Attachment of a muscle to
   the more movable bone


4. a.The afferent nervous system conveys informa-
   tion from receptors in the periphery of the
   body to the central nervous system.

b.Nerve cells called neurons are responsible for

conducting impulses from one part of the body

to another.

c. This information is processed by the central

nervous system, and a response is decided on.

d.The efferent system conveys the desired

response from the CNS to skeletal muscles by

way of the somatic nervous system.

5. a.Body alignment or posture: The alignment of
   body parts that permits optimal musculoskeletal

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