DEVELOPING YOUR KNOWLEDGE BASE
MATCHING EXERCISES
1.b 2.c 3.a 4.a 5.d
6.c 7.b 8.d 9.a 10.c
11.a 12.d 13.b 14.c 15.a
16.b 17.a 18.d 19.c 20.c
21.f 22.p 23.b 24.o 25.l
26.h 27.a 28.d 29.e 30.j
31.m 32.n 33.g 34.k
CORRECT THE FALSE STATEMENTS
1.True
2.False—electrolytes
3.False—hypotonic solution
4.True
5.False—hydrogen
6.False—alkali
7.False—alkaline
8.False—lungs
9.True
10.False—hypernatremia
11.False—disproportionate
12.True
SHORT ANSWER
- a.Osmosis: The solvent water passes from an area
of lesser solute concentration to an area of
greater solute concentration until an
equilibrium is established.
b.Diffusion: The tendency of solutes to move
freely throughout a solvent. The solute moves
from an area of higher concentration to an area
of lower concentration until an equilibrium is
established.
c. Active transport: A process that requires energy
for the movement of substances through a cell
membrane from an area of lesser concentration
to an area of higher concentration. - a.Ingested liquids: Fluid intake is regulated by the
thirst mechanism and is stimulated by intracel-
lular dehydration and decreased blood volume.
b.Food: The amount of water depends on the
food (e.g., melons have a higher water content
than bread).
c. Metabolic oxidation: Water is an end product of
oxidation that occurs during the metabolism of
food.
3.Water is lost:
a.through the kidneys as urine
b.through the skin as perspiration
c. through insensible water loss - a.Kidneys: Approximately 170 L of plasma is
filtered daily in the adult, while only 1.5 L of
urine is excreted. They selectively retain
electrolytes and water and excrete wastes.
Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:
ANSWER KEY 407
Hot Spot Questions
1.See figure below for PICC placement.
2.See figure below for triple-lumen nontunneled
percutaneous central venous catheter placement.
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