TITLE.PM5

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 219

dharm

/M-therm/Th4-7.pm5

Answers

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (a)


2. (d) 9. (a) 10. (c) 11. (e) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (b)


3. (a) 16. (e) 17. (a) 18. (e) 19. (d) 20. (a) 21. (c)


4. (b) 23. (e) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (a).

Theoretical Questions

1. Define ‘internal energy’ and prove that it is a property of a system.


2. Explain the First Law of Thermodynamics as referred to closed systems undergoing a cyclic change.


3. State the First Law of Thermodynamics and prove that for a non-flow process, it leads to the energy
   equation Q = ∆U + W.


4. What is the mechanical equivalent of heat? Write down its value when heat is expressed in kJ and work
   is expressed in N-m.


5. What do you mean by “Perpetual motion machine of first kind-PMM 1”?


6. Why only in constant pressure non-flow process, the enthalpy change is equal to heat transfer?


7. Prove that the rate of change of heat interchange per unit change of volume when gas is compressed or

expanded is given by

γ

γ

−

− ×

n pdv

1 J.

8. Write down the general energy equation for steady flow system and simplify when applied for the following
   systems :
   (i) Centrifugal water pump (ii) Reciprocating air compressor
   (iii) Steam nozzle (iv) Steam turbine
   (v) Gas turbine.


9. Explain clearly the difference between a non-flow and a steady flow process.


10. For isothermal flow and non-flow steady processes, prove that

pdv v dp

1

2

1

2

zz=−.

Also state the assumptions made.

Unsolved Examples

Closed Systems

1. In a cyclic process, heat transfers are + 14.7 kJ, – 25.2 kJ, – 3.56 kJ and + 31.5 kJ. What is the net work for
   this cyclic process? [Ans. 17.34 kJ]


2. A domestic refrigerator is loaded with food and the door closed. During a certain period the machine
   consumes 1 kWh of energy and the internal energy of the system drops by 5000 kJ. Find the net heat
   transferred in the system. [Ans. – 8.6 MJ]


3. 1.5 kg of liquid having a constant specific heat of 2.5 kJ/kg°C is stirred in a well-insulated chamber causing
   the temperature to rise by 15°C. Find :
   (i) Change in internal energy, and
   (ii) Work done for the process. [Ans. (i) 56.25 kJ, W = – 56.25 kJ]


4. A system is composed of a stone having a mass of 10 kg and a bucket containing 100 kg of water. Initially
   the stone and water are at the same temperature, the stone then falls into the water. Determine ∆U, ∆KE,
   ∆PE, ∆Q and ∆W for the following cases :
   (i) At the instant the stone is about to enter the water.