xxxii
D. How To Obtain A Permit To Carry A Handgun ........................................................................ 403
E. Duration Of Authority ................................................................................................................ 403
F. Appeal From Denial ..................................................................................................................... 403
G. Revocation ................................................................................................................................... 404
IV. LICENSES TO POSSESS AND CARRY MACHINE GUNS AND ASSAULT
FIREARMS (N.J.S.A. 2C:58-5)....................................................................................................... 404
A. Licenses Generally ........................................................................................................................ 404
B. Exemptions .................................................................................................................................. 404
C. Who May Obtain ........................................................................................................................ 404
D. How To Obtain A License To Possess And Carry Machine Guns And Assault Firearms ........... 404
E. Duration Of Authority ................................................................................................................ 404
F. Appeal Of Denial ......................................................................................................................... 404
G. Revocation ................................................................................................................................... 404HABEAS CORPUS ..................................................................................................................................... 405
I. CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS ............................................................................................................... 405
II. IMPLEMENTING STATUTES AND RULES ................................................................................ 405
III. NATURE OF THE WRIT ............................................................................................................... 405
IV. “IN CUSTODY” REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................... 406
A. “In Custody” ................................................................................................................................ 406
B. Past or Future Confinement ........................................................................................................ 407
C. Mootness ..................................................................................................................................... 407
V. PARTIES AND JURISDICTION ...................................................................................................... 409
A. Forum ........................................................................................................................................... 409
B. Proper Respondent ...................................................................................................................... 409
VI. PRO SE PETITIONS ....................................................................................................................... 410
VII. TIME LIMITATIONS .................................................................................................................... 410
A. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(A) and Direct Review .......................................................................... 410
B. Mailbox Rule ............................................................................................................................... 410
C. “Grace period” ............................................................................................................................. 411
D. Statutory Tolling .......................................................................................................................... 411
E. Equitable Tolling ......................................................................................................................... 412
F. Affirmative Defense ...................................................................................................................... 413
VIII. EXHAUSTION OF STATE REMEDIES .................................................................................... 413
IX. PROCEDURAL DEFAULT ............................................................................................................. 414
X. SUCCESSIVE PETITIONS .............................................................................................................. 416
A. Pre-AEDPA Law on Second or Successive Petitions .................................................................... 417
XI. STONE V. POWELL BAR ............................................................................................................... 417
XII. STATE LAW CLAIMS .................................................................................................................... 418
XIII. DISCOVERY ................................................................................................................................. 419
XIV. EVIDENTIARY HEARING ......................................................................................................... 419