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I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 524

II. TESTS FOR DETERMINING MERGER ...................................................................................... 524

III. MERGER GENERALLY .................................................................................................................. 525

IV. MERGER AND APPEAL ................................................................................................................. 525

V. MERGER AND JURY INSTRUCTIONS ....................................................................................... 526

VI. MERGER AND SENTENCING .................................................................................................... 5 27

VII. MERGER AND PREPATORY CRIMES ...................................................................................... 527

A. Conspiracy .................................................................................................................................... 527

B. Possessory Offenses ...................................................................................................................... 527

VIII. MERGER AND SUBSTANTIVE OFFENSES ............................................................................ 528

IX. MERGER OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND CHILD ENDANGERMENT

CONVICTIONS.............................................................................................................................. 5 30

X. MERGER AND POSSESSION OF CONTROLLED DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES ................. 530

XI. MERGER AND FAILURE TO PAY TAXES ................................................................................... 530

MISCONDUCT IN OFFICE (See also, BRIBERY and CORRUPT INFLUENCES, this Digest) .......... 531

I. OFFICIAL MISCONDUCT (N.J.S.A. 2C:30-2) .............................................................................. 531

A. Elements ..................................................................................................................................... 531

B. Definitions -- Public Servant, Benefit ........................................................................................ 531

C. Mens Rea .................................................................................................................................... 532

D. Duties Imposed By Law The Breach Of Which May Give Rise To Misconduct Charges ......... 533

1. Duties “Imposed by Law” ..................................................................................................... 533


2. Use of Public Property for Private Purposes or for Obtaining an
   Unauthorized Private Gain ................................................................................................... 533


3. Conflicts of Interest ............................................................................................................... 533


4. Police Officers ........................................................................................................................ 534


5. Prosecutors ............................................................................................................................. 534


6. Sheriffs, Undersheriffs and Constables .................................................................................. 534


7. Councilman -- fixing a traffic ticket ...................................................................................... 534


8. Members of State Boards ....................................................................................................... 535


9. Pension Commissioners ......................................................................................................... 535


10. Teachers ............................................................................................................................... 535
    E. Acts “Relating To A Public Servant’s Office” .............................................................................. 535
    F. Relationship With Bribery ........................................................................................................... 536
    G. Evidential Issues .......................................................................................................................... 536
    H. Accomplice Liability ................................................................................................................... 536

MOTOR VEHICLES .................................................................................................................................. 537

I. ARREST (See also, ARREST, this Digest) ......................................................................................... 537

A. Automobile Stops ........................................................................................................................ 537

1. Generally ............................................................................................................................... 537


2. Community Care Taking ....................................................................................................... 537