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G. Guilty Pleas and Perjury Prosecution .......................................................................................... 567

H. Warning Defense Witnesses About Perjury Prosecution ............................................................ 567

II. FALSE SWEARING ........................................................................................................................... 568

A. Elements ...................................................................................................................................... 568

B. Defenses ....................................................................................................................................... 568

C. Immunized Testimony and Prosecution for False Swearing (See also, IMMUNITY,

this Digest)................................................................................................................................. 568

D. Guilty Pleas and Prosecution for False Swearing ........................................................................ 568

E. False Swearing vs. Perjury; Grading of Each ................................................................................ 568

POLICE ....................................................................................................................................................... 569

I. DUTY TO ENFORCE THE LAW ..................................................................................................... 569

II. WILLFUL VIOLATION OF PRESCRIBED DUTY ........................................................................ 569

III. CIVIL LIABILITY ............................................................................................................................. 570

IV. THE USE OF FORCE ...................................................................................................................... 571

V. SELECTIVE ENFORCEMENT ........................................................................................................ 572

VI. MISCELLANEOUS CASE LAW ...................................................................................................... 572

A. Special Officers .............................................................................................................................. 572

B. Procedures in Police Disciplinary Hearings .................................................................................. 572

C. Creation of Police Departments ................................................................................................... 573

D. Vehicular Pursuits ....................................................................................................................... 573

POLYGRAPHS........................................................................................................................................... 573

I. DEFINITION .................................................................................................................................... 573

II. ADMISSIBILITY ............................................................................................................................... 573

III. STIPULATION ................................................................................................................................ 574

A. General ......................................................................................................................................... 574

B. Criteria ......................................................................................................................................... 574

C. Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 575

1. Witnesses ............................................................................................................................... 575


2. Juveniles ................................................................................................................................. 575


3. Sixth Amendment .................................................................................................................. 575


4. In Conjunction with Interrogation ....................................................................................... 575
   D. Permissible Uses .......................................................................................................................... 575


5. Jury Instructions .................................................................................................................... 575


6. Expert Testimony ................................................................................................................... 576


7. Relation to Miranda Rights .................................................................................................. 577


8. Appeals .................................................................................................................................. 577
   IV. DISCOVERY .................................................................................................................................... 577
   V. EMPLOYER REQUIRING LIE DETECTOR TEST-DISORDERLY
   PERSONS OFFENSE ...................................................................................................................... 577
   A. Statute .......................................................................................................................................... 577