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7. Excessive Hardship - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1b(11) ....................................................................... 673


8. Cooperation - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1b(12) .................................................................................. 673


9. Codefendant’s Sentences (Disparity) .................................................................................... 674

II. PRESUMPTION OF IMPRISONMENT - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1d ..................................................... 674

III. PRESUMPTION OF NON-INCARCERATION - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1e ........................................ 675

IV. PRESUMPTIVE TERMS - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1f ................................................................................ 675

V. DOWNGRADE OF SENTENCE - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1f(2) .............................................................. 675

VI. INDETERMINATE SENTENCES FOR YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS ....................................... 676

VII. PAROLE INELIGIBILITY TERMS ............................................................................................... 676

VIII. CONCURRENT AND CONSECUTIVE TERMS .................................................................... 678

A. Generally ...................................................................................................................................... 678

B. Yarbough Guidelines ................................................................................................................... 678

C. One Incident ............................................................................................................................... 678

D. Yarbough Cap ............................................................................................................................. 679

IX. MANDATORY SENTENCES ........................................................................................................ 679

A. Carjacking .................................................................................................................................... 679

B. Graves Act .................................................................................................................................... 680

C. Graves Act Extended Term - N.J.S.A. 2C:43-6c; 2C:44-3 ......................................................... 681

D. NERA - No Early Release Act - N.J.S.A. 2C:43-7.2 (eff. 6/9/97) ........................................... 682

1. Constitutionality ................................................................................................................... 682


2. Violent Crime ........................................................................................................................ 683


3. Deadly Weapon ..................................................................................................................... 683


4. NERA Hearing and Sentence ................................................................................................ 68 4


5. Burden of Proof ..................................................................................................................... 684


6. NERA Guilty Plea ................................................................................................................. 685


7. NERA Accomplices and Attempts ........................................................................................ 686
   E. Three Strikes - N.J.S.A. 2C:43-7.1 ............................................................................................. 686

X. DISCRETIONARY EXTENDED TERMS - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-3 ..................................................... 686

A. Persistent Offender ...................................................................................................................... 686

1. Grounds for Imposition and Notice ..................................................................................... 686


2. Proof of Prior Conviction ....................................................................................................... 687

XI. PROBATION - N.J.S.A. 2C:45-3 and 2C:45-4 ............................................................................. 688

A. County Jail Term as Condition of Probation ............................................................................... 68 8

XII. SENTENCING ON PROBATION VIOLATIONS ..................................................................... 688

XIII. RESTITUTION, FINES, AND VCCB PENALTIES .................................................................. 689

A. Fines ............................................................................................................................................. 690

B. Penalties ....................................................................................................................................... 690

XIV. STATE’S RIGHT TO APPEAL-N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1f(2) (See also APPEALS, this Digest) ............. 690

XV. RIGHT OF ALLOCUTION - R. 3:21-4(b) .................................................................................. 691

XVI. CONFLICT BETWEEN ORAL SENTENCE AND JUDGMENT OF CONVICTION ........ 691