liv
B. Meaning of Statutory Language .................................................................................................. 734
C. Reading Statutes As A Whole, and Intrinsic Aids to Construction ............................................ 735
D. Extrinsic Aids To Construction ................................................................................................... 737
E. Presumption to Aid Construction ............................................................................................... 738
F. Implied Repeals of Statutes .......................................................................................................... 738
G. The Preemption Doctrine and Statutory Construction ............................................................. 739
H. Constitutional Analysis and Statutory Construction (See also, FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENT, this Digest) .................................................................................................... 740
I. Court Rules and Statutory Construction ..................................................................................... 740STIPULATIONS (See also, POLYGRAPHS, this Digest) ............................................................................ 741
I. TRIAL LEVEL ..................................................................................................................................... 741
A. Generally ...................................................................................................................................... 741
II. APPELLATE REVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 741
A. Generally ...................................................................................................................................... 741
B. Rejection of Stipulation on Appeal ............................................................................................. 742SUBPOENAS.............................................................................................................................................. 742
I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 742
II. THE POWER TO SUBPOENA ....................................................................................................... 742
III. WHO CAN BE SUBPOENAED (See also, WITNESSES, this Digest) ........................................ 743
A. General Principles ........................................................................................................................ 743
B. Newsperson’s Privilege (See also, FREEDOM OF PRESS, this Digest) .................................... 744
IV. SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM ........................................................................................................ 745
A. Generally ...................................................................................................................................... 745
B. Confidential Investigative Files .................................................................................................... 746
C. Grand Jury Materials ................................................................................................................... 748
D. Deliberative Process Privilege ...................................................................................................... 749
E. Executive Privilege ....................................................................................................................... 749
F. Work-Product Privilege ................................................................................................................ 750
V. TIMELINESS OF SUBPOENAS ...................................................................................................... 750
VI. ENFORCEMENT OF SUBPOENAS ............................................................................................. 750
VII. GRAND JURY SUBPOENAS (See also, GRAND JURY, this Digest) ......................................... 751
VIII. RIGHT-TO-KNOW LAW ............................................................................................................ 751TERRORISTIC THREATS ........................................................................................................................ 752
THEFT........................................................................................................................................................ 752
I. BREADTH, CONSOLIDATION AND GRADING OF OFFENSES ............................................ 752
II. ELEMENTS ...................................................................................................................................... 753
A. Generally ...................................................................................................................................... 753
B. Theft from the Person .................................................................................................................. 754
C. Theft by Deception ..................................................................................................................... 754
D. Theft by Extortion ...................................................................................................................... 754