INDEXAligarh Muslim University 245
Alivardi Khan (ruler of Bengal) 209, 213
All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra
Kazhagam (AIADMK) 316
All-India Congress Committee 263
All-India Handspinners’ Association 270
Allahabad
in early civilisation 45
in early middle ages 98, 107, 121
Mughal empire and 216, 218
in republic 304
Samudragupta’s inscription at 79, 81–4,
98, 121, 124
under British 244
Ala-ud-din (sultan of Delhi) 159–60, 167;
administrative reforms 160–6, 168
Al-Mas’udi 109, 153
Alwar 276
Alwars (saints) 132
Amaranayakas (officers) 180–3
Amaravati 148
Ambedkar, Dr B.R. 275, 296–7
Amoghavarsha (king of Rashtrakutas) 127
Amoghavajra (Buddhist monk) 148
Amri (prehistoric site) 18–19, 21–2, 25–7, 29
Amritsar, massacre at 266; Golden Temple
stormed 308
Anangabhima III (king of Orissa) 173, 175
Anantavarman Chodaganga (king of
Orissa) 172–3, 175
ancient empires see empires, ancient
Andaman Islands 116
Andhra 148, 178, 179, 275; in republic 301,
302, 311
Andhra University 301
Andhra Pradesh 105, 160, 176, 311, 314,
315
Andhras (people) 64, 95, 301; see also
Shatavahanas
Anga 50, 54, 56
Angkor 116–17, 143, 149–50
Anglo-Indians 251
Anglo Vedic 249–50
Anhilwara 157
Antekina (king of Macedonia) 64
anthropomorphisations (of gods) 134
Antigonos (king) 59
Antigonos Gonatas (king of Macedonia) 64
Antiochos II (king of Seleucids) 63
Antiochos III (king of Seleucids) 69
Antiyoka (king of Syria) 63
Antonius Pius (Roman emperor) 77
Anuradhapura 115
Apabhramsha (dialect) 142
Apollodoros (brother of king Demetrios)
70–1
Appar (Saint) 114, 132, 135
Ara 77–8
Arabia/Arabs 11, 99, 101
in early middle ages 106, 109–10, 118
in late middle ages 152–3, 171
see also Islamic conquests
Arabic language 195, 235
Aramaic script 51
Aravalli mountains 10, 110
Aravidus (dynasty) 180
architecture see buildings; temples
Arcot, nawab of 212
Ardashir I (king of Sassanids) 79
Arikamedu (ancient site) 101
armies
in ancient empires 56–7, 59
in early medieval kingdoms 109, 115
European 210–13, 217
‘Indian National’ 281
in late middle ages 155–8, 161–2, 168
under British 249–51, 265–6
under Mughals 184–6, 193, 195–6
see also Pakistan conflict; wars; weapons
Arsakes (king of Parthians) 69
art
in ancient empires 76–7, 81, 88
in early middle ages 111, 113–14, 129,
148–9
see also sculpture
Arthashastra (text) 56, 58–60, 67, 93, 98,
122, 318; political system of 60–2, 89,
144, 163
artillery see weapons
artisans see craftsmen
Arya Samaj (religious association) 249–50,
258
Aryanisation see Sanskritisation
Aryans 47, 55
climate and 28
expansion of 37–9
immigration and settlement 3–4, 29–39,
48–50, 92
king, role of 41–3
Mahabharata, role of 43–5
philosophy, emergence of 45–6
social differentiation 39–41
Vedas as mirror of historical experience
33–7
Asaf-ud-Daula (nawab of Oudh) 218
Ashoka (king of Mauryas) 62–7, 76–7, 95,
104, 147; inscriptions 51, 78–9, 103
ashvamedha see horse sacrifice
Ashvavarman (king of Indonesia) 145
Asom Gana Parishad 310
Assam 85, 112, 157
freedom movement and 262
partition and 289
in republic 307–8, 310, 321–2
tea trade 243
Assamese language 142