INDEXcentralised state 61, 65, 108, 163, 169, 207;
see also administration
ceramics 19–23, 26, 41, 44, 51, 101
Cerobothra see Cheraputra
Chahamanas (people) 111
Chaitanya (saint) 140
chakravartin (imperial title) 6–7, 95, 115,
137
Chalukyas (dynasties) 9, 11, 92
in early middle ages 104–6, 109, 113, 118
in late middle ages 153, 157
Chamber of Princes 276
Champa 50
Champaran 265
‘Chandana’ 146
Chandellas (dynasty) 111, 154
Chanderi 159
Chandernagar 211, 213
Chandi Jago Temple 150
Chandigarh 310
Chandragupta (king of Mauryas) 8, 57–60,
62, 69, 79
Chandragupta I (king of Guptas) 81–2
Chandragupta II (king of Guptas) 84–7
Chandrashekar 313
chandravamsa 110
Chanhu-Daro 20, 22
Chapata (Buddhist monk) 150
Charan Singh 305–7
chariots (see also weapons) 7, 34
Charssada 54
Chattisgarh see Dakshina Kosala
Chauhans (people) 111, 157
Chauri Chaura, arson and murder at 269,
273
Chedis (dynasty) 95
Chelmsford, Lord (viceroy) 255
Chennai see Madras
Cheraputra 100
Cheras (people) 98–9, 108, 115, 119
chess 8
Chetiya 50
Chidambaram temples 117, 134–6, 179
Chidambaram, P. 316–17
China 232
ancient empires and 64, 74, 80, 97, 101,
104
in early middle ages 116–17, 147–8
republic and 319, 329; challenge from
320–3; Pakistan and 323–4; Tibet and
321–2; Soviet Union and 324
Chinese pilgrims, number of 147
Chingis Khan (Mongol emperor) 152, 154,
158
Chitor 159–60
Cholamandalam 9, 106
Cholas (dynasty) 9, 11
early civilisations and 63, 92, 98–9
in late middle ages 155, 175
in middle ages 105–6, 108–9, 115–17, 119,
124, 149
Chota Nagpur 13–14, 56
Chu Chan-t’an (king of Funan) 146
Churchill, Winston 256, 273, 278–80, 287
Chwaresm 157–8
cities, temple, emergence of 134–6; see also
urbanisation
civil disobedience 271–3, 275–6
civil service under British 231, 235, 242, 252,
259, 333–4; see also administration
classical age see Guptas
Clausewitz, Karl von 117
climate, change theory of decline of ancient
civilisations 27–9, 47; invasions and 154
Clive, Robert 212–17, 223–4
coal 13; trade 248
Cochin 301
Coenus (Greek general) 58
Coimbatore 102, 221
coins
in ancient empires 51; Greek 70–3, 75;
Kushana 75–80; Roman 76–7, 102
in late middle ages (sultanate of Delhi)
166, 169
under Mughals 189
Colbert, J.B. 205–6
colleges and universities 147, 149, 231,
234–6, 245, 248–9; see also education
colonial rule see British colonial rule
Communal Award 274–6
Communist Party 296, 299–300, 320
Compagnie des Indes 205–6, 212–13
Company Bahadur 223
economic change and Indian enterprise
248–50
education, uses 234–6
law, British and Indian 227–9
‘Mutiny’ (1857) 236–9
peasants, absconding, and permanent
settlements 229–31
regulating acts 225–7
as trader and ruler 224–55
Congress see National Congress
Congress for Democracy 305
Congress Party see National Congress
Congress Socialist Party 276, 299
congress system 302–3
Congress-League pact (1916) 264, 282
Conjeeveram see Kanchipuram
Constituent Assembly 287, 289–90, 295–6
constitution 254, 256, 263, 268
under British 252–7
under republic 294–7
conversion to Islam 161, 167, 169
Coote, E. 219
copper 20, 24, 33, 38, 40, 101