INDEXEast India Companies 202–6, 212, 216, 223,
228, 231, 233, 235, 240, 243;British
abolished 232, 236, 238
ecology, regional, of south India in time of
ancient empires 93–4
economic change under British 231–4
economy, ‘mixed’, under republic
education 147–50, 231, 234–6, 242–3,
249–50, 252
Egypt 100–1, 147, 184, 197–8, 320
Eisenhower, Dwight D. 320
electorates, separate, under British 253–4
elephants 7, 100, 133, 172–3; see also under
weapons
elite, new, under British 242–3; freedom
movement and 252, 261
Ellora temples 113, 149
Elphinstone College 235
‘emergency’ under republic 304–7, 328
empires, ancient 47–102; see also Ganges
area; Guptas; Mauryas; South India
energy crisis 303–4
English language 234
enterprise, Indian, under British 231–4
environment and history 1–16
ancient empires and religious movements
5–6
Aryan migration, routes of 3–5
chariots, elephants and warfare methods
7–9
maritime periphery and European
intrusions 12–13
periods of history 6–7
population density, regional pattern 13–15
regional patterns 8–12
Eran 90
Erragudi 66
Eukratides (king of Bactria) 71
Europeans 12–13
in ancient empires 58, 99–100
military intervention 210–13
seapower 197–209
see also individual countries
Euthydemos (king of Bactria) 69
external affairs under republic: global and
regional dimensions 318–32
Chinese challenge 320–3
Nehru as mediator 319–20
nuclear option and relations with United
States 327–9
Pakistan’s operation ‘Grand Slam’ and
Soviet mediation 323–5
South Asian regional co-operation
330–2
Soviet Union and liberation of
Bangladesh 325–7
Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan
329–30
Fa-hsien see Faxian
Fatechand 207
Faxian (Chinese pilgrim) 8, 86
Fazlul Haq 285
federalism 255–7, 276, 300–22
Ferishta (Muslim chronicler) 180
feudalism
military in late middle ages 169, 176,
180–3
new form of 120–3
Firdausi (historian) 154
firearms see weapons
Firoz Shah (sultan of Delhi) 166–7, 169, 173
‘Fishes, law of 111
Fleury, Cardinal 207
floods 28, 45
foreign aid 298, 320, 328;see also
investment
forest states 83
Fort William College 231, 235–6
fortified settlements
in ancient empires 50–1, 54, 95–6, 101
in early civilisations 34–5
under Mughals 193, 199, 208–9, 213
France
Indochina and 320
and Mughal empire 205–6, 210–17,
219–21
franchise 256, 276
Francis, Philip 219, 227, 229–30, 234
freedom movement 258–93
Bengal, partition of 262–3
civil disobedience and Gandhi-Irwin pact
271–3
constitutional arena, return to 269–71
First World War and Home Rule league
263–5
Liberal nationalists 259–61
neo-Hinduism and Muslim resentment
258–9
non-cooperation 265–7
pros and cons of office acceptance 276–8
Round Table and Communal Award
274–6
Second World War, Cripps Mission and
‘Quit India’ 278–81
‘Swaraj in one year’ 267–9
Vedanta, Karma yoga and national
revolutionaries 261–2
see also Gandhi, Mahatma
Funan 146–8gabarband 2
Gaekwar (general) 196
Gahadavalas (people, dynasty) 128–9, 157
Gajapatis (kings of Orissa) 107, 172–6, 178,
180, 182
Gandak (river) 4, 48–9