West, The ANC’s deployment of religion in nation buildingmorality are developed more fully further on under this sub-heading,
with the policy document declaring that “The economic problem of the
poor is the spiritual problem of the rich. To move from the greed of the
rich to the need of the poor we must change the system. We need a new
spirit – an RDP of the soul” (ANC 2007b:2).
Under the sub-heading of “The Western imperialist empire” another,
third, feature of this Document’s take on religion becomes apparent.
Arguing that the “dictatorship of capital is an integral part of the centu-
ries old western imperialist Empire which is dominated today by the
United States of America”, the Document goes on to say that “US efforts
to indoctrinate Africa with fears of Islamic terrorism, to establish a US
Military mission in every African country, to control our media, our
financiers, our religions and our politicians.... inhibits our transforma-
tion” (ANC 2007b:2). Again we see an inclusive conception of religion,
with a specific reference to Islam and a rejection of US definitions and
portrayals of this religious tradition.^9 But the Document goes further,
introducing this third thread in its understanding of religion. Though
not explicit yet, the reference to US attempts to control “our religions”
includes not only their characterisation of Islam, but also the influence
of US forms of fundamentalist Christianity on South African Christian-
ity.
There is no specific reference to religion under the sub-heading of “Cor-
ruption”, but there is extensive use of ‘morality’ language. The sub-
section begins by acknowledging that South Africa has “inherited a
culture of corruption” established by colonialism and that corruption
continues to be a concern, even within the ANC. “Many in society”, the
section goes on to argue, “openly and avowedly promote self-centred,
political and economic policies which worship anti-human greed, pro-
mote their own profit, and side line the needs of the poor and the sur-
vival of humanity” (ANC 2007b:2). At this point the Document again
invokes Mbeki’s Nelson Mandela Lecture where Mbeki argues the: “The
capitalist class, to whom everything has a cash value, has never consid-
ered moral incentives as very dependable” and that this class has en-
trenched in our society as a whole, “including among the oppressed, the
deep seated understanding that personal wealth constituted the only true
measure of individual and social success”. Indeed, the Document con-
tinues, quoting Mbeki, even “the new order, born of 1994, inherited a
well-entrenched value system that place individual acquisition of wealth