Food Chemistry

4.2 Monosaccharides 257 Fig. 4.3.Proton resonance spectrum ofD-glucose (in D 2 O) are soluble to a small extent in ethanol and a ...

258 4 Carbohydrates Table 4.8.Specific rotation of various mono- and oligosaccharides Compound [α]Da Compound [α]Da Monosacchari ...

4.2 Monosaccharides 259 Table 4.9.Taste threshold values of sugars in water Sugar Recognition threshold Detection threshold mol/ ...

260 4 Carbohydrates Fig. 4.5.Temperature dependence of the mutarotation equilibrium ofD-fructose, (—β-D-fructo-pyranose, – ––β-D ...

4.2 Monosaccharides 261 Fig. 4.9.Bitter taste threshold values of limonin(◦—◦) and naringin (× 10 −^1 • —•) in aqueous saccharos ...

262 4 Carbohydrates copyranosyl mannitol) is a sugar alcohol. It is produced using biotechnological methods by the rearrangement ...

4.2 Monosaccharides 263 Another industrially applied glucuronic acid syn- thesis involves first oxidation then hydrolysis of sta ...

264 4 Carbohydrates (4.34) Dehydrating Reactions. The heating of monosac- charides under acidic conditions, e. g., during pasteu ...

4.2 Monosaccharides 265 (4.36) (4.37) (4.38) (4.39) ...

266 4 Carbohydrates With the 2,3-enediol, not only water elimination at C-4, but also the elimination of the hydroxyl group at C ...

4.2 Monosaccharides 267 ( 4. 42 ) formic acids in addition to formaldehyde andD- arabinose (Formula 4.42). Depending on reaction ...

268 4 Carbohydrates ( 4. 44 ) reactive and provide a great number of secondary products by aldol condensations (retro-reactions) ...

4.2 Monosaccharides 269 (4.46) (4.47) (4.48) (4.48 a) (4.48 b) ...

270 4 Carbohydrates Ammonia catalyzes the same reactions as alkali and alkaline earths. Reactive intermediary prod- ucts can pol ...

4.2 Monosaccharides 271 These reactions result in: Brown pigments, known as melanoidins, which contain variable amounts of nitr ...

272 4 Carbohydrates (4.52) The reasons for the partial stability of such Amadoricompounds in comparison with imines can be expla ...

4.2 Monosaccharides 273 formation of l-deoxy-2,3-diulose, also called 1-deoxyosone. In addition,4-deoxy-2,3-diulose, also called ...

274 4 Carbohydrates (4.57) (4.58) 4.2.4.4.3 Secondary Products of 3-Deoxyosones Formula 4.59 shows examples of products obtained ...

4.2 Monosaccharides 275 (4.59) (4.60) (4.61) (4.62) ...

276 4 Carbohydrates (4.63) (4.64) (4.65) (4.66) 4.2.4.4.4 Secondary Products of 1-Deoxyosones Unlike the 3-deoxyosones which hav ...