LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

7 Adverbs

7.8 Viewpoint adverbs, connecting adverbs and inversion

7.8A Viewpoint adverbs [> LEG 7.57, App 17]

Study:

Write:

We may express our 'viewpoint' in speech or in writing using adverbs like these:

• (= I'm sure): clearly, definitely, honestly, naturally, obviously, really, strictly speaking.


• (= I'm going to be brief): anyhow, briefly, in brief, in effect, in a few words, in short.


• (= I'm expressing my opinion): as far as I'm concerned, frankly, in my opinion, I think.

Mark the 'viewpoints' (a-i) that are expressed in this text.

I was agreeably (^1 ..<?£.) surprised to learn that I had passed my a

history exam. Between ourselves, (^2 ) I was expecting to fail. b

After all, (^3 ) I hadn't done any work and, naturally, (^4 ) I didn't с

think I deserved to pass. So when the results came, I was expecting d

the worst. As a general rule, (^5 ) you get what you deserve and e

this is certainly (^6 ) true of exams. Frankly, (^7 ) I deserved to f

fail, but, I not only passed, I even got very good marks. This only g

shows that luck can help; at any rate, (^8 ) it helped in my case. h

In my view, (^9 ) it just shows that passing exams is not always a i

matter of hard work.

I am making a generalization

the reason for this was

I don't want you to repeat this

I was pleased

as was to be expected

I am sure

the important thing is this

I'm being honest

I'm expressing my opinion

7.8B Connecting adverbs [> LEG 7.58, App 10]

Study:

Write:

We can connect ideas in speech or writing using adverbs like these:

• (= I'm adding something): in addition, again, apart from this, besides, moreover.


• (= I'm comparing/contrasting): as compared to, equally, however, in reality.


• (= I'm summarizing): all in all, and so on, essentially, in brief, in conclusion, in effect.
  —

Mark the 'connecting ideas' (a-h) that are expressed in this text.

According to {\h?..) a lot of people I know, there are few things more

terrifying than having to speak in public. The only way to succeed is a

to follow strict rules. First of all, (^2 ) you should be well-prepared, b

Second, (^3 ) you should have a few jokes ready. As well as that, с

(^4 ) you should have rehearsed your speech, preferably in front of d

a mirror. In comparison with (^5 ) being hit by a bus, public e

speaking isn't too bad, but it's bad enough. However, (^6 ) you f

can make things easier for yourself by being ready. Alternatively, g

(^7 ) you can do nothing and make a fool of yourself. To sum up, h

(^8 ) success depends entirely on you.

I am introducing a list

I am making an addition

I am pointing to a contrast

I am stating an alternative

I am summarizing

I am making a second point

I am making a comparison

As stated by