LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

11.9 'It's advisable ...'/'It's necessary

11.9C Expressing necessity in other tenses [> LEG I I .50-51,11.46]

Study:

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Write:

1 Must can refer to the present or the future:

I must speak to him today. I must speak to him tomorrow.

2 Must is not a 'complete verb', so we use have to to make up its 'missing parts' [> 11.1B]:

I shall/will have to phone her tomorrow, (or I must phone her tomorrow.) (future)

I had to spend the day in a meeting, (past)

I have had to tell you before, (present perfect)

I am having to/I have been having to get up earlier this year, (progressive forms)

3 Had to shows that we couldn't avoid doing something: I had to leave at six. (and I did)

Should have shows we've failed to do something: I should have left at six. (and I didn't)

Use a construction with have to in place of the words in italics.

1 It will be necessary for him to try harder if he wants to win the prize. ...Ш-.Ш^.-НШ^.Х^...

2 It has been necessary for them to save hard to buy their new hi-fi

3 Because of the snow she has been finding it necessary to walk to college

4 It had already been necessary for us to clear the office floor twice before the

boss asked us to clear it again

5 It would have been necessary for me to pay twice as much to travel first class

6 We are finding it necessary to cut back on staff because of a shortage of orders

11.9D Context

Write: Put in will have to, must, having to, has to, should, had to, have to and should have.

Use each one at least once.

ARIJABA!

The Post Office in Britain is famous for getting letters and parcels to their destinations. The problem is

that we the public observe the rules. For example, we^2 put a

stamp on a letter. If we don't, the recipient^3 pay double. We often see the sign ALL

LETTERS^4 BE CORRECTLY ADDRESSED. These days, this means

(^5) use postcodes. If you didn't use a postcode, it's no good complaining that your
letter^6 arrived sooner. Parcels are a problem because they^7 be
correctly packaged. If Aunt Sophie is going to send you a jar of your favourite jam, she
(^8) wrap it up well. The most important thing we (^9) do is to address
our letters and parcels legibly and correctly. This means clear handwriting and correct spelling. What
we^10 do and what we actually do are often miles apart. Recently, the Post Office
(^11) deliver a letter which showed a name followed by the word ARIJABA. What is this,
do you think? Arabic? Hindustani? Wrong both times! Say it out loud and you'll see it's just plain
(misspelt!) English: HARWICH HARBOUR!