LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

11 Modal auxiliarles and related verbs

11.12 'Need'and'dare'as modals and as full verbs

11.12A 'Need' as a modal and as a full verb [> LEG I I .49]

Study:

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1 We use need as a modal (without to after it) mainly in the negative to mean 'it isn't necessary'

[> 11.1OB-C]: I needn't go to the meeting today. I needn't have gone to the meeting yesterday.

2 In the affirmative, we use need as a modal:

• in questions: Need you go so soon? Need you have told him the truth?


• with 'negative adverbs' (e.g. hardly): I need hardly tell you how important this is.

3 Otherwise, we generally use the full verb need to (used like any regular verb):

I need to/I don't need to/I needed to/I didn't need to go to the dentist this morning.

Write: Replace the phrases in italics with modal need or the full verb need to.

modal full verb

1 Is it necessary for you to go so soon?^7

2 Is it necessary for me to wait till you return?

3 It's not necessary for them to wait

4 It wasn't necessary for you to have said that

5 It's hardly necessary for me to explain it. [> 13.2A]

6 There is no need for him to learn about this

7 All that is necessary for you to do is to agree

8 I don't think there is any need for you to explain

11.12B The form of 'dare' as a modal and as a full verb [> LEG I 1.65-66]

Study:

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1 We use dare as a modal (that is, without to after it) mainly in the negative to express lack of

courage: I daren't tell him the truth. I daren't ask for more money.

2 In the affirmative, we use dare as a modal:

• in questions: Dare you do it?


• with 'negative adverbs' (e.g. hardly): I hardly dare tell him what happened.

3 We also form questions with do/does/did: Do you dare tell him? I don't dare tell him.

4 We can use dare to as a full verb: Do you dare to tell him? I don't dare to tell him.

5 And note: I didn't like the meal...,

but I daren't say so/I daren't have said so/I didn't dare (to) say so/I dared not say so.

Write: Supply dare, daren't, dare not have (done), didn't dare (do), etc.

1 I (faMWtá tell them I've just broken their favourite vase.

2 I tell them I had broken their favourite vase.

3 I hardly mention this, but you still haven't paid for those tickets.

4 we ask for more money after what he has just said?

5 I knew I was right, but I say so at the time.

6 I'm going to tell your mother what you've just said! - Just you!

7 She'd like to wear more unconventional clothes, but she

8 We didn't like the meal they gave us, but we said so. It would have been rude.

9 They offered me something strange to eat which I refuse.