1 The sentence
1.8 The complex sentence: time, place, manner
1.8A Adverbial clauses of time, place and manner [> LEG I .44-47]
Study: Introduction to adverbial clauses of time, place and manner
Suppose you want to write a paragraph like this:When we visited London, we went to the Tower. We saw the spot where so many famous
people had lost their heads! We felt as if we had travelled back in time to another world!If we want to speak or write like this, we have to master adverbial clauses of time (answering
When?), place (answering Where?) and manner (answering How?)Adverbial clauses of time (past reference) [> LEG 1.45.1]
To say when something happened in the past, we use 'joining words' (or conjunctions) like
when, after, as, as soon as, before, by the time (that), once, since, until/till, while:
When we visited London, we went to the Tower, [compare > 9.6A]Write: Join these sentences with the conjunctions in brackets.1 I lost a lot of weight. I was ill. (when)
... X. .^ÇTï^ .i?-. .'¿fÇré. ......
2 I phoned home. I arrived in the airport building, (immediately after)3 She had already opened the letter. She realized it wasn't addressed to her. (before)4 The building had almost burnt down. The fire brigade arrived, (by the time)5 We realized that something had gone wrong. We saw him run towards us. (as soon as)1.8B Adverbial clauses of time (future reference) [> LEG 1.45.2]
Study: When the time clause refers to the future, we normally use the simple present after: after,
1*3 as soon as, before, by the time, directly, immediately, the moment, till, until and when:
The Owens will move to a new flat when their baby is bom. (Not 'will be bom*)Write: Join these pairs of sentences with the conjunctions in brackets, making necessary changes.1 I won't know if I have aot into university. I will get my exam results, (until). I. MM$.. НШШ.. ¡f.. Á..íyW?t. <¡¡£t..
2 I'll give him your message. He will phone, (as soon as)
3 We should visit the Duty Free Shop. Our flight will be called, (before)4 I'll be dead. They will find a cure for the common cold, (by the time)5 You'll get a surprise. You will open the door, (the moment)