LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

1 The sentence

1.9

1.9A

Study:

E3

The complex sentence: reason and contrast

Adverbial clauses of reason [> LEG I .48]

1 Adverbial clauses of reason answer the question Why? We often give reasons by using

'joining words' (or conjunctions) like because, as, seeing (that), and since.

2 We often begin sentences with as and since. [Compare since (time) > 1.8A]

As (Since) it's a public holiday, you won't find many shops open.

3 We often use because in the second half of a sentence:

Jim's trying to find a place of his own because he wants to feel independent.

We can always use because in place of as, since and for [> 1.4A, Note 8]. We cannot always use

as, since and for in place of because.

Write: Join these sentences with the conjunctions to say why. More than one order is possible.

1 Service in this hotel ought to improve. There's been a change of management, (because)

tecath&rcb,,(wsi.л.

2 The Air Traffic Controllers are on strike. We have cancelled our holiday, (as)

3 Could you sell your old computer to me? You have no further use for it. (seeing (that))

4 She's never in when I phone. I'll have to write to her. (since)

5 I've had to have the document translated. I can't read Russian, (since)

1.9 В Contrast (1 ) [> LEG 1.50]

Study:

Eg

We can introduce contrast with conjunctions like although, considering (that), though,

even though, even if, much as, while and whereas:

Though I've had more than 20 lessons, I'm still not ready to take my driving test.

,

Write: Join these sentences using the conjunctions in brackets to introduce contrast.

More than one order is possible.

1 I'rrj going to buy a computer. I haven't got much money, (even though)

Im.^cm^ to.. Ь]щ go. ощшШ&г..бу&ъ..got,. much,,

2 I intend to go for a walk this morning. It's raining, (even if)

3 I'd like to help you. I'm afraid I won't be able to. (much as)

4 Your design is excellent. It isn't suitable for our purposes, (while)

5 I try hard to play the piano. I don't seem to improve, (although)

6 Chinese is so difficult. It's surprising how many people learn it. (considering that)

7 The play was wonderful. The film was a commercial failure, (whereas)