Key 11.11A-11.13E1.7C Sentences with two meanings
1 Without commas: There were other test papers,
which everyone didn't fail.
With commas: There was a single test paper and
everybody failed it.
2 Without commas: I have another brother or other
brothers somewhere else.
With commas: I have only one brother.1.7D Context
1 who (no commas) 2 which/that (no commas)
3 ..., which are commonly used, (commas)
4 ..., which are not so frequently used, (commas)
5 which/that (no commas) 6 which/that (no commas)
7 who (no commas) 8 No relative pronoun
necessary; no commas 9 ..., which is situated in a
very rough area of London, (commas)
10 ..., which has a terrible lounge and a tiny dining
room, (commas) 11 which/that (no commas) (or....,
which is fitted with a leaky shower. - one comma)
12 ..., which is expensive to run, (commas)
13 which/that (no commas) (or...., which is overgrown
with weeds. - one comma) 14 ..., who are generally
unfriendly,... {commas) 15 ..., which is definitely not
recommended, (commas)
1.8 The complex sentence: time, place,
manner
1.8A Adverbial clauses of time (past reference)
1 ... weight when I was ill.
2 ... home immediately after I arrived in the airport
building.
3 ... the letter before she realized it wasn't
addressed to her.
4 ... burnt down by the time the fire brigade arrived.
5 ... gone wrong as soon as we saw him run
toward us.1.8B Adverbial clauses of time (future reference)
1 ... university until I get my exam results.
2 ... message as soon as he phones.
3 ... Duty Free Shop before our flight is called.
4 ... dead by the time they find a cure for the
common cold.
5 ... surprise the moment you open the door.1.8C Adverbial clauses of place
Possible answers
1 where the accident happened.
2 anywhere you like.
3 everywhere you go in the world.
4 wherever you can find a chair.
5 where everyone can see it.1.8D Adverbial clauses of manner
Possible answers
1 as if it's raining.
2 as he likes it.
3 as though it was my fault.
4 in the way you wrote it last year.
5 the way I show you.1.8E Context
1 when 2 the way (that) 3 as if 4 before
5 which/that 6 As 7 As soon as 8 that/which1.9 The complex sentence: reason and
contrast1.9A Adverbial clauses of reason
Possible answers
1 Service in this hotel ought to improve because
there's been a change of management.
2 As the Air Traffic Controllers are on strike, we
have cancelled our holiday.
3 Could you sell your old computer to me, seeing
(that) you have no further use for if?
4 Since she's never in when I phone, I'll have to
write to her.
5 I've had to have the document translated, since I
can't read Russian.1.9B Contrast (1)
Possible answers
1 ... computer, even though I haven't got much
money.
2 ... this morning, even if it's raining.
3 Much as I'd like to help you, I'm afraid ...
4 While your design is excellent, it isn't suitable ...
5 Although I try hard to play the piano, I don't...
6 Considering that Chinese is so difficult, it's
surprising ...
7 Whereas the play was wonderful, the film ...1.9С Contrast (2)
Possible answers
1 However expensive it is, he's determined ...
2 However hard I work, I still...
3 However well you write, it doesn't mean ...
4 No matter how sorry she feels, the damage ...
5 No matter how much they pay us, it will never...
6 No matter how many cards I send, I always ...
7 Whatever he tells you, don't believe ...1.9D Context
1 Even though/Though 2 because/as, since
3 As/Because/Since 4 even though 5 though/as
6 while 7 because 8 because/as/since 9 Because