Direct light, three-dimensional form, 34
Direct sparkle, described, 41
Direct transmission, light control, 109, 111
Discharge lamps, 81–98.See alsoFluorescentlamps;
High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps
fluorescent lamps, 81–92
high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, 45, 49–50,
92–97
low-pressure sodium (LPS) lamps, 97–98
Double-pole, single-throw switch, 140
Downlights, 154–169
ambient light design, 220–221, 224
brightness, 25–26, 27
luminous ceilings, 168–169
point source, 154–166
rectilinear fluorescent downlights, 166–168
spacing criterion, 168
Downlight/wall-washer, asymmetric wash lights, 169–
171
E
Efficiency, ballast systems, 102–103, 104
Egg-crate louvers, rectilinear fluorescent downlights,
168
Elderly, recommended illuminance values, 125–126
Electricity, 135–148
central lighting control systems, 146–148
circuits, 136–137
dimming control, 141–146
autotransformer dimmers, 142
fluorescent lamps, 145–146
high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, 146
incandescent lamps, 143–145
resistance dimmers, 141–142
solid-state dimmers, 142
square law dimming curve, 143
distribution, 138
life cycle costs, 138–139
physics of, 135–136
power consumption, 138
switch control, 139–141
manual, 139–140
occupancy sensors, 140
photosensors, 140–141
timers, 140
wireless remote, 141
wire size and length recommendations, table, 260
wiring, 136
Electromagnetic ballast systems, 101
Electromagnetic radiation, visible light, 3–4
Electronic ballast systems, 103
Electronic transformers, described, 100
Ellipsoidal downlights, point source downlights, 154,
158, 161
Elliptical contour reflector, described, 107
Emotional impact, light, 11
EMT conduit, electrical wiring, 136
Energy efficiency:
ballast systems, 102–103, 104
daylight, 62
design, 237–239
energy management controls, 147–148
fluorescent lamps, 87
photosensor switch control, 140
power consumption, 138
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT):
fluorescent lamps, 91–92
incandescent lamps, 72–73
Exitance, photometrics, 121, 122
Extended service, incandescent lamps, 69
Eye:
age level, recommended illuminance values, 125–
126
brightness, 8
perception, 4–6
photometrics, 123
Eyeglasses, 5F
Feeder circuit, electric distribution, 138
Fenestration.SeeDaylight; Windows
Fiber optics, total internal reflection, 115, 118
Filaments, incandescent lamps, 64, 68
Filters, colored incandescent lamps, 78
Five-way switch, 140
Fixed controls, shading devices, 58–60, 61
Flicker, fluorescent lamps, 92
Fluorescent lamps, 81–92
asymmetric wash lights, 176, 178–179
cold-cathode, 81–82
color, 45, 46, 48–49
colored lamps, 92
compact, 88–91
comparative luminance table, 256–257
designations and properties, table, 254
dimming ballasts, 103–104
dimming control, 145–146
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), 91–92
flicker, 92
heater-cutout ballasts, 104
hot-cathode, 82–83
lamp-ballast circuits, 83–86
lamp life, 91
light output, 91
linear wash lights, 179–180, 182
operation, 81
rare-earth phosphores, 86–87
rectilinear fluorescent downlights, 166–168INDEX