psychotherapy 189
reforms 180±81, 190±92
refusal of treatment 109±11, 162±3,
170, 179±80
rmos 163, 164, 165
s.524) powers 172±4
s.57 treatments 161, 166±7
s.58 treatments 163±7
s.62 emergency treatment 161, 166±7
s.63 treatments 109±11, 161±3
seclusion 176±7, 186±7
Second Opinion Approved Doctors
2SOADs) 163±4, 165±6
treatment without consent 109±11,
161±3, 164, 185±6, 187±8, 190±92
violent patients 175±6, 186±7
withdrawal of consent 164±5
violent patients 175±7, 186±7
mental incapacity
and clinical research 265±6
consent 101±3, 105, 109±11, 118,
167±72, 187±8
seealsomental health nursing
mercy killing 2active euthanasia) 11, 219,
221, 222
Merrison Report 21975) 35±6
midwives
Nursing and Midwifery Council 44±5
UKCC regulationseeUnited Kingdom
Central Council for Nursing,
Midwifery and Health Visiting
mitigation of loss 83±4
moral relativism 280
mothers, parental responsibility 195, 197,
202
movement, freedom of 7
murder 11, 219±20
National Framework for Assessing
Performance 234±5
NationalHealthService LitigationAuthority
2NHSLA) 62, 64, 65, 67
National Institute for Clinical Excellence
2NICE) 61±2, 68±9, 227, 232, 241,
244±5
National Patient Safety Agency 2NPSA) 62,
118
National Service Frameworks 227, 233±4,
241, 247
near-miss reporting 248±9
negligence, ethical perspective 90
Code of Professional Conduct 91±3,
94±5, 96±7
compliance with orders 96±7
duty of care 90, 94±6
harm 90, 91, 92, 96±7
legal compared 90, 91, 92±3, 94±5, 98
legal conflicts 95±7
personal accountability 96±7
personal ethics 91±3
risk 90, 92, 248
unborn children 95±6
negligence,legalperspective6,11,12,75±6
breach of duty 76, 77±80, 131±3
causation 76, 81±6, 116
clinical research 268±9
clinical risk management 248
consent to treatment 79±80, 111±16, 117
damages 81, 83±6, 87
direct liability 140±42
duty of care 76±80, 131±3, 143, 153
ethical compared 90, 91, 92±3, 94±5, 98
ethical conflicts 95±7
euthanasia 11, 219
no-fault liability 87
scarce resources 131±48
standards of care 77±9, 80, 131±3
accidents and emergencies 142±4,
152±3
inexperienced staff 133±4
personal fault 138±9
precautions and risk 134±5
public disclosure of 144±7, 148
staff shortages 136±7
vicarious liability 75±6, 139±42
NHS Plan 235±6
complaints 56
patient empowerment 61
professional regulation 43±4, 46
NHS Trusts
government reforms 64, 68±9, 70
litigation 64, 70
National Service Framework 234
vicarious liability 75±6, 139±42
nonmaleficence principle 25, 91, 155, 279,
284
North Staffordshire Inquiry 258, 259, 262,
263, 264, 271
Nursing and Midwifery Council 44±5
nursing research ethics 278±85
nursing research, legal perspective 254,
255±6, 263, 271Index 301