Pharmacology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

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7 Medicinal chemistry

Piperidine:Heterocyclic ring containing one N atom and5Catoms, C 5 H 11 N. The

NH group is a proton acceptor; pH and pKa determine degree of ionization.

Piperidine rings are found in many drugs including fentanyl, alfentanil,

remifentanil, bupivacaine and ropivacaine.

Propionic acid:Another of the chemical groups upon which NSAIDs are based, the

underlying structure is the carboxylic acid of propanol, for example, ibuprofen.

Pyrazalones:Keto-modified pyrazole ring on which phenylbutazone and related

NSAIDs are based.

Pyrazole:Afive-membered ring with two N and three C atoms, C 3 H 3 ·N·NH.

Celecoxib and rofecoxib are based on the pyrazole nucleus.

Quinol:1,4-dihydroxybenzene, also known as hydroquinone. One metabolite of

propofol is the 4-glucuronide of 2,6-diisopropylquinol. The quinols are

responsible for the green colour of urine in patients receiving propofol infusions.