NOTES, BOOK 11. 11. 97
r~v 8; ,+
sc. ~trr,,~81~~~ bv K.T.X.imdefulv rijs ciprmoxpar[as rtai Z;~S roXrrcIas, 11. 5.
Lit. ‘ But of the things which would be
censured when compared with the ideal of aristocracy and constitu-
tional government, etc.’
The constitution of Carthage was an aristocracy in the lower 11. 5;
sense, and like Aristotle’s own roXmh, a combination of oligarchy
and democracy (iv. 8. 9 9, V. 7. $9 6-7). While acknowledging that
wealth should be an element in the constitution, because it is the
condition of leisure, Aristotle objects to the sale of places and the
other abuses which arose out of it at Carthage. The Carthaginian
constitution is expressly called an ‘ aristocracy’ in iv. 7. 9 4, because
it has regard to virtue as well as to wealth and numbers; and
Once more (in v. 12. Q 14) a democracy in which, as in other
democracies, trade was not prohibited. According to Aristotle the
people had the power I) of debating questions laid before them;
2) of deciding between the kings and nobles when they disagreed
about the introduction of measures, but 3) they had not the power
of initiation.
iv rat lripars roXtrrlacs.
Sc. Crete and Sparta.
- Cp. supra 9 5, rak dp&vacs rooXis~iacs.
rb 8i rhs rcvrapxias K.T.X. 11. 7.
Of these pentarchies, or of the manner in which they held office
before and after the regular term of their magistracy had expired,
nothing is known. We may conjecture that they were divisions or
committees of the yfpouuia. Their position may be illustrated by
that of the Cretan Cosmi, who became members of the ycpouola
when their term of office had expired (cp. c. 10. 5 IO).
riv riv ixardv. 11. 7.
Possibly the same which he had previously (6 3) called the
magistracy of 104. The magistracy here spoken of is termed
Pf~ionl rip)(<, the other is said to consist of great officers who
are compared with the Ephors. If the two institutions are
assumed to be the same, we might adduce for an example of a
like inaccuracy in number, a passage, c. 6. 8 5, where the
citizens in Plato’s Laws who number 5040 are called the 5000.
T’OL. 11. H
- Cp. supra 9 5, rak dp&vacs rooXis~iacs.