I10 A RlS TO TL E’S PO LlTlCS.
principle.
confused by sophistical thinkers.These two senses of the words ‘true’ and ‘false’ were
See Plat. Euthyd. 284, ff.a. 5. rjs TOL~~C Qxio refers to rrvi, sc. Aopiorg, supra I. 8 7, ‘ an office
such as we spoke of.’- I. Gjhov &I lroAisas piv &ai #mr;ov Kai TO~OUS, mppi 81 70; 8lKaiUS 4 pi
8tKahS WVkCl Tp& d)V €h/dqY Tp6T€pOV b/k~LU~~~ULV.
A doubt is raised whether the ABixos soArr&ov is truly a soXlnp.
The answer is that the A~~KUS +XOV is truly an iipxov. But the
?,oxi,/s is by definition an Spxov, and therefore the 881~0s rrohirqc
may be rightly called a IIOX~T~S.
mi ro;rous, sc. rois Ap$~u&roVp~vovs (8 4), ‘these as well as the
legitimate citizens,’
rpbs T+ rlp&qw lrpdr~pov (;l.$uofijn]oLv is the question touched
upon in c. 1. $ I, and resumed in the words which follow. The con-
troversy concerning the dejure citizen runs up into the controversy
respecting the de jure state, which is now to be discussed. - I, 2. 8taw ;E dkryapxlns^4 rupavuisos y&qv?rar 8qpoKparia. rdrr yip ok rd
ul’p/3dhaLa bror /3o;xowTaL sruX;crv.
A question which has often arisen both in ancient and modern
times, and in many forms. Shall the new government accept the
debts and other liabilities of its predecessor, e.g. after the expulsion
of the thirty tyrants, or the English or French Revolution or Re-
storation? Shall the Northern States of America honour the paper
of the Southern? Shall the offerings of the Cypselids at Delphi
bear the name of Cypselus or of the Corinthian state I Or a street
in Pans be called after Louis Philippe, Napoleon 111, or the French
nation? - a. rZmp otv 8qp~paro;~ai rrvcs ~arh 7i)v rpbov TOGTOW, dpoios
POIXCOS $I(IT;OV rrvar raljrrp rho is soAtrtias rairqs np&s ai rhs ;K 75s
dAryapXlas 6s mpavvi8os.
The mere fact that a government is based on violence does not
necessarily render invalid the obligations contracted by it ; at any
rate the argument would apply to democracy as well as to any other
form of government. Cp. Demosth. lrpb~ ACTT~V~V, p. 460, where it is
mentioned that the thirty tyrants borrowed money of the Lacedae-