NOTES, BOOK r. 3. 11
f. 7, ;Xarrov 8i eqPrhs xadas +o,EkpC;r~po~ 8:. Compare also Plato
Repub. vi, 495 A, B, where it is said that the best, i.e. the greatest
natures, if they are ill educated, become the worst :-KO; i~ TO~OV 84
riv &spiv KO~ oi rh p’y~ura KOK~ ipya(6pvoc 7hs roXw yiyvovrar rai robr
i8rLras rai oi +&i, 02 bv 7ah rbxout pu~vrcs* ~p~pd 81 $burs oCGiv pi‘ya
Ob8ilrOTr Ob8&l OihC i8LhTqV Ov’T€ RdhV 8pG.i
4 81 8cKaLOW;vr) rOXrTLKdV‘ 4 yhp 8iKq TOXLTLKGS KOtVoV~aS 7d&S ;arb’ 4 2. 16.
8; 8LKq 70; 8LKaiOV Kph.
‘ But the virtue of justice unites men in states (Le. is the quality
opposed to the lawlessness which makes men lower than the
beasts), and executive justice is the ordering of political society
and the decision of what is just.’
In this passage 8i~q is the ‘ administration of justice ’: 8LKCILO&Vq,
‘the virtue of justice’ : ~b 8iKaLOV, ‘the principle of justice to be
applied in each case.’okiap 61 pip?, iE &u au’Otp oiria uvviaaraL. O~Q 62 rdXtros f‘~ 3. I.
aoixov Kn; ixCveipov.
= ‘in turn.’ ‘ As the state is made up of households, so
the household in turn is made up of lesser parts; and a complete
household includes both slaves and freemen.’ Of these elements of
the household Aristotle now proceeds to speak.Taka 6’ ;UT; 8zurorrK$ KO~ yaptwj (rivC;mpov yap 4 yuuacrbr ra‘r dv8pAs 8. 2.
(rb(cu[rs) KO; rpirou T~KVO~OL~~K~~.
Not finding common words which express his idea, Aristotle
gives new senses to YOpKi and r~rvmorrjr~IOj. In ordinary Greek
they would have meant ‘of or referring to marriage,’ and ‘to the
procreation of children’: here he extends their meaning to the
whole marital or parental relation. It was natural in the beginning
of philosophy to make new words, or to give new meanings to old
ones; cp. Plato, Theat. 182 4, where he calls ro&p an ~~XX~KO~OV
dwa, and Nic. Eth. v. 6. 8 9, where the relation of husband and wife
is termed by a periphrasis 76 O~KOVO~K~V 8LKabOV, or rd rpbs yuvaira
aka~v: cp. also c. 12.^4 I infra, where WOT~~K.~ is used for what is
here called ~GKWOU~~. That Aristotle found many words wanting
in his philosophical vocabulary, we gather from Nic. Eth. ii. 7. $8 2,