178 A RISTO TLE 'S POLITICS.
The three modes give rise to twelve possible varieties :
All elect by vote out of all,
by lot out of all,
by vote out of some,
by lot out of some;
Some elect by vote out of all,
by lot out of all,
by vote out of some,
by lot out of some ;
,411 and some elect by vote out of all,
by lot out of all,
by vote out of some,
by lot out of some ;
and to the two further combinations (d Go muBuaupoi) : partly by
vote and partly by lot, partly out of all and partly out of some.
It is not to be supposed thatleven in such a 'bazaar of con-
stitutions' (Plat. Rep. viii. 557 D) as Hellas furnished, all these
different forms of government were really to be found. Aristotle
derives them not from his experience of history, but out of the
abundance of his logic.
- ~mcp iu Mfyhpo&s.
Cp. v. 3. 8 5 and 5. $ 4, where the overthrow of the Rlegarian
democracy is attributed to the corruption and oppression prac-
tised by demagogues; also Thuc. iv. 74 (though it is not certain
whether Aristotle is speaking of the return of the exiles there
mentioned or of some earlier or later one) ; and Arist. Poet. c. 3.
$ 5, 1448 a. 32, where he refers to an ancient democracy existing
in Megara, of which the recent establishment is deplored by
Theognis, line 53 ff., Bergk. There was an alliance between
Athens and Megara in 458 (Thuc. i. 103, 114)) which terminated
at the battle of Coronea 447; probably during the alliance, but
not afterwards, Megara was governed by a democracy. In the
eighth year of the Peloponnesian War the oligarchs were in exile,
but were restored by the influence of Brasidas. In the year
B.C. 375 the 'democracy had been re-established : Diod. xv. 40.
