58 ARISTOTLE’S POLITICS.
ception of Plato’s meaning. The literalism of Aristotle prevents
him from seeing that Plato does not really take away the happiness
of indikiduals in affirming that the happiness of the state must be
considered first. He takes it away that he may afterwards restore
a larger measure of it. He is only insisting that the doctrine of the
priority of the whole to the part, which Aristotle holds in common
with him (cp. Pol. i. 2. Q 13), should be carried out in practice.
Compare also Rep. iv. 420 B, C, and Tolitics vii. 9. $ 7, (ri, piv
yAp cL8aipoufiu dvaywaiov bndp~eiu ptrh 76s Apnis, fL6aipua 61 rdXw O~K
eh pipus ~i BXi+nvras 8fi Xiriv ahijs dXh’ CIE admas 70;s aohirns) where
Aristotle appears to coincide with Plato in the doctrine which he
here repudiates.
- imcp ri, Zpriou, LTA.
Aristotle means to say that the even number may exist in the
whole though not ahays in the parts (cp. note on c. 3. Q 3 supra);
but happiness must alnays exist in both.
- imcp ri, Zpriou, LTA.
- 1-4. Socrates is here spoken of by implication (dXlya 8i repi
lioXirrins c?pyw, 5 4) as if he were the chief speaker in the Laws,
though he is not introduced at all. The Laws are quoted as
Plato’s in c. 7. Q 4.
- xoi yip c‘v rf noXisrLp mpi 6XLywv adpsau 8tbprKrv 6 Eorpdqs.
The list which follows is a very inadequate summary of the
subjects contained in the Republic. Probably the metaphysical
and imaginative portions of the work appeared to Aristotle lioqri~a;
prra$opa‘l (Met. c. 9. 991 a. 22) and alien from politics.
- xoi yip c‘v rf noXisrLp mpi 6XLywv adpsau 8tbprKrv 6 Eorpdqs.
- rd 82 tis si, apoaoX~po;v pipos. rphou 8 IK rocirov ri, @ovXtvdptvou rai
‘And a third class taken from the warriors,’ (SOU SPOSOXC~~V~OV).LL$XUU SO%fOS.
- rep; 82 riu ycopytu rni riu rr~uirtu, adrfpou oi8rprSs 4 parE~oud
TLYW %.pXqS. t OU8iY 8IdlplKCU.
Yet Plato has expressly foretold, emphasizing his words by the
declaration of an oracle, ‘ that when a man of brass or iron guards
the State it will then be destroyed’ (Rep. iii. 415, and supra c. 5.
$ 26), by which he clearly means that the third and fourth classes
- rep; 82 riu ycopytu rni riu rr~uirtu, adrfpou oi8rprSs 4 parE~oud