IVOTES, BOOA- 11. 8. 7‘
portions cited by Stobaeus will be enough to show the character
of such performances. These fragments disagree in several points
lyith the statements of Aristotle; such as the threefold division of
the citizens into councillors, auxiliaries, and artisans (cp. the Re-
public of Plato), and the subdivision of each class into three other
classes ; the three principles of honesty, justice, utility, and the
three instruments by which civil society is knit together, reason,
habit. law. Of all this and of a good deal else, there is no trace
in Aristotle, although the triplets are also found in Stobaeus. Con-
siderable differences are not however inconsistent nith the genuine-
ness of the fragments. A more suspicious circumstance is the
c liaracter of the philosophical distinctions, such as the opposition
of raidv, 8katoY, and U7I&/pOY, which could hnrdly hare existed before
the time of Socrates, and a certain later tone of thought.,
HIPPODANVS rkArrc[as.
‘ In my opinion the whole state is divided into three parts:
one the (( Good”-that is, those who govern the commonwealth
hp mind; another, those who rule by force; a third part, those
who supply and furnish necessaries. The first class I call coun-
ciilors ; the second, I! allies ” or warriors; the third, artisans. TO
the two former classes belong those who lead a freeman’s life:
to the latter those who work for their living. The councillors
are the best, the artisans the worst, the warriors are in a mean.
The councillors must rule, the artisans must be ruled, while the
wrriors must rule and be ruled in turn. For the councillors settle
beforehand what is to be done : the warriors rule over the artisans,
because they fight for the state, but in so far as they must be
guided, they have to submit to rule.
‘ Each of these parts again has three divisions : of the coun-
cillors there are I) the supreme council ; 2) the magistrates; 3) the
C Ommon councillors. The first has the presidency, and deliberates
about all matters before they are carried to the assembly. The
second comprises all those who are or have been magistrates.
The third, the common councillors, are the mass of senators
who receive the measures which the upper council have pre-
pared, and vote upon and determine matters which come before