Adolescent Nutrition 125
2
United Nations Framework for Population Activ-
ities (UNFPA), and since then, efforts have been
made to identify various interventions and their
effectiveness to improve access to primary health
care and commodities for adolescents. It has be-
come increasingly more important to target this
vulnerable group as today’s adolescents are ex-
posed to nutritional risks, harmful alcohol con-
sumption, sexually transmitted diseases and oth-
er risks more than in the past, and they face other
new challenges such as social media [19 –2 2].
Conclusions
- Promising policies and strategies for deliver-
ing adolescent nutrition interventions include
the school curriculum (focusing on healthy
eating practices, physical activity and body im-
age), improvements in the nutritional quality
of the food supply in schools and training and
involvement of parents and teachers to suc-
cessfully implement health promotion strate-
gies and activities- At the national level, governments should
conduct a situation analysis of adolescent
health and nutrition and develop an appro-
priate strategy to strengthen the response of
the health sector for scale-up and implementa-
tion - Adolescent nutrition research must move to-
wards identifying how effective intervention
components can be embedded within health,
education and care systems and achieve a
long-term sustainable impact
10 Strobino DM, Ensminger ME, Kim YJ,
Nanda J: Mechanisms for maternal age
differences in birth weight. Am J Epide-
miol 1995; 142: 504–514.
11 Waters E, de Silva-Sanigorski A, Hall BJ,
Brown T, Campbell KJ, Gao Y, Arm-
strong R, Prosser L, Summerbell CD:
Interventions for preventing obesity in
children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2011; 12:CD001871.
12 Silveira JA, Taddei JA, Guerra PH, No-
bre MR: Effectiveness of school-based
nutrition education interventions to
prevent and reduce excessive weight
gain in children and adolescents: a sys-
tematic review (in English, Portuguese).
J Pediatr (Rio J) 2011; 87: 382–392.
13 Van Cauwenberghe E, Maes L, Spittaels
H, van Lenthe FJ, Brug J, Oppert JM, De
Bourdeaudhuij I: Effectiveness of
school-based interventions in Europe to
promote healthy nutrition in children
and adolescents: systematic review of
published and ‘grey’ literature. Br J Nutr
2010; 103: 781–797.References1 Cappa C, Wardlaw T, Langevin-Falcon
C, Diers J: Progress for children: a report
card on adolescents. Lancet 2012; 379:
2323–2325.
2 Fagot-Campagna A, Pettitt DJ, Engelgau
MM, Burrows NR, Geiss LS, Valdez R,
Beckles GLA, Saaddine J, Gregg EW,
Williamson DF: Type 2 diabetes among
North American children and adoles-
cents: an epidemiologic review and a
public health perspective. J Pediatr 2000;
136: 664–672.
3 Freedman DS, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR,
Berenson GS: The relation of overweight
to cardiovascular risk factors among
children and adolescents: the Bogalusa
Heart Study. Pediatrics 1999; 103: 1175–
1182.
4 UNICEF, WHO, World Bank: Levels and
trends in child malnutrition. Joint child
malnutrition estimates. New York,
UNICEF; Geneva, WHO; Washington,
World Bank; 2012.
5 Rokholm B, Baker JL, Sørensen TI: The
levelling off of the obesity epidemic
since the year 1999: a review of evidence
and perspectives. Obes Rev 2010; 11:
835–846.
6 Nichols MS, de Silva-Sanigorski AM,
Cleary JE, Goldfeld SR, Colahan A,
Swinburn BA: Decreasing trends in
overweight and obesity among an Aus-
tralian population of preschool children.
Int J Obes 2011; 35: 916–924.
7 Koplan JP, Liverman CT, Kraak VI: Pre-
venting childhood obesity: health in the
balance – executive summary. J Am Diet
Assoc 2005; 105: 131–138.
8 Lloyd LJ, Langley-Evans SC, McMullen
S: Childhood obesity and risk of the
adult metabolic syndrome: a systematic
review. Int J Obes 2012; 36: 1–11.
9 Hediger ML, Scholl TO, Schall JI: Impli-
cations of the Camden Study of adoles-
cent pregnancy: interactions among
maternal growth, nutritional status, and
body composition. Ann NY Acad Sci
1997; 817: 281–291.Koletzko B, et al. (eds): Pediatric Nutrition in Practice. World Rev Nutr Diet. Basel, Karger, 2015, vol 113, pp 122–126
DOI: 10.1159/000367879