Subject Index 331
violations 106
metabolic programming and
obesity 74–76
mortality and morbidity impact
in developing countries 106,
107
preparation, storage, and
handling 100
recommendations 317
Inflammatory bowel disease, see
Crohn disease
Insulin-like growth factor-1
growth mediation 1
malnutrition effects 140
Intensive care, see Pediatric
intensive care unit
International Code of Marketing of
Breast-Milk Substitutes, see
Infant formula
Iodine
deficiency 148, 150
pregnancy requirements 128,
130
Iron
complementary foods 110, 111
deficiency
anemia 148, 149
mortality 148
pregnancy requirements 130,
131
supplementation 150
vegetarian diets 137, 138
Isovaleric aciduria 227, 230
Kidney disease, see Chronic kidney
disease
Lactase, developmental
considerations 84, 85
Lactation
alcohol precautions 132
caffeine precautions 132
fish mercury concerns 132
herbal preparation precautions
132
nutritional requirements
calcium 131
food sources 130
overview 129
vitamin D 131
vegetarian diets 131, 132
Lactose, intolerance 197–199
LIMIT trial 73
Lipids, see Fat
Lipoproteins
dietary fat response 237
types and assessment 235, 236
Listeriosis, pregnancy 132
Liver disease, see Cholestatic liver
disease
Low-birth-weight infant
growth failure in preterm infants
214
nutrition
early phase
enteral nutrition 215, 216
parenteral nutrition 215
late phase 216, 217
post-discharge 217
transition phase 216Malnutrition
anthropometric indices 11, 12
causes 141
cholestatic liver disease 178, 179
classification 11, 12, 141, 143
cystic fibrosis 247
global burden 140, 141
intervention guidelines 12
laboratory tests
hydrogen breath test 28
overview 23–26
proteins 23, 26, 27
stool analysis 28
vitamins and minerals 27
management
community-based
management of severe
acute malnutrition 144
principles 142–144
secondary malnutrition 145
pediatric intensive care unit 271
prevention 145, 146
primary versus secondary 140,
141
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)
226–228
MCADD, see Medium-chain acyl-
CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Medium-chain acyl-CoA
dehydrogenase deficiency
(MCADD) 231, 232
Mercury, see Fish
Metabolic programming
infant feeding and obesity 74–76
mechanisms 72, 73
Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA)
227, 229, 230Microbiota, see Gut microbiota,
infants
Mid-upper arm circumference
(MUAC)
malnutrition 11, 12
measurement 9
Minerals, see also specific minerals
chronic kidney disease
requirements 257
deficiency testing 27
dietary precautions 65, 66
dietary sources 63, 64
factors affecting absorption and
utilization 64, 65
fortification 64
supplements 64
types and functions 63
MMA, see Methylmalonic aciduria
MMN deficiency, see Multiple
micronutrient deficiency
MSUD, see Maple syrup urine
disease
MUAC, see Mid-upper arm
circumference
Multiple micronutrient (MMN)
deficiency
children 149, 150
pregnancy and fetal outcome 150NIV, see Nutrient intake values
Nutrient intake values (NIV)
definitions 30
estimation limitations 30–32
origins and terminology 29, 30
Nutritional assessment
anthropometry
head circumference 9
height 8
length 8
mid-upper arm
circumference 9
skinfold thickness 9, 10
weight 8
cholestatic liver disease 178–180
dietary assessment, see Dietary
assessment
feeding history 7
food intake 7
laboratory tests, see Malnutrition
malnutrition, see Malnutrition
overview 6, 7
technical measures
bioelectrical impedance
analysis 22