Cheung, C., 220–1
cinema, 13, 21, 22, 32, 40, 45, 68, 70–2, 86,
97, 98, 106, 114, 120n, 201, 224n
citizenship, 10, 22, 63, 74, 80, 165n
city, 16, 67, 69, 78, 88, 92, 121n, 156,
197–201, 223n, 224n
coffee houses, 60–1, 73–4, 77, 82n, 196
communication and information
technologies (CITs), 2–3, 11–12, 14,
41, 63
producing ‘new’ social relationships,
19n, 143
‘communication as culture’, xii
communication environments, x, 12,
13, 81, 87
community, xii–xiii, 5, 6, 10, 16, 20, 23, 46,
52, 63, 74, 108, 118, 121n, 123, 133, 148,
157, 161, 165, 166n, 167–222, 222n,
223n, 224n
as a legitimating narrative, 167
of belief, 176
citizenship, 10, 22, 63, 74,
80, 165n
classical theories of, 167–71
community as practice, 122, 174–7
community as recognition, 122
electronic, 74
global communities, 172–3, 174–7
and ‘imagined communities’, 80, 112,
175, 222–23n
imagined universal community,
129, 189–93
and ‘impact assessment’
research, 167
‘international’ community, 173
media-constituted, x
micro-communities, 170, 175
‘miniaturization’ of, 169
network, 176, 188–9, 194, 196
nostalgia of, 16, 202
Olympic community, 173
on-line communities, 87, 101, 150,
176, 204
over-integration and over-regulation,
169–70
pseudo-communities, 204
renewal of, xii, 120n, 192
telecommunity, xii, 17n, 111,
122, 167–222
virtual communities, x, xii–xiii, 9, 48,
54, 62, 63, 68, 78, 80, 99, 100, 103,
117, 119, 122, 123, 149, 164, 170, 173,
188, 192, 194–7, 198, 201–6, 222,
224n, 225n
‘complexity theory’, 19n, 57computer-mediated communication
(CMC), ix–xi, 17n, 47, 54–5, 57, 59,
67, 87, 90, 103, 117, 118, 119, 123, 137,
150, 151, 161, 166n, 178, 196, 200, 202,
205, 211
as anti-hierarchical, 61
contexts of, 63–4
as cyberspace, 60–1, 119
electronic democracy, 9–10, 73, 76, 80–1
extends face-to-face communication, 203
form of ‘socially produced space’, 60
and identity, 62–3
and the public sphere, 78–9
Constitutive Abstraction, 158–62
content (of communication), 25, 55, 57, 60,
82n, 86–7, 101, 103–6, 107–8, 111,
113–16, 118, 126, 133, 134, 135, 145,
163, 166n, 175–6, 211, 215
content analysis, 6, 59, 119
focus of media studies, ix, 4–5
and ideology, 26, 29–30, 34, 141
and the medium, 36, 39–40, 43n, 49,
94, 106, 112, 116, 123
and the user, 143–4, 220
versus form, ix–xi, xiii, 5–6, 8, 20, 27,
43n, 51, 56, 118, 143
convergence perspective, xi–xii, 13, 64–6
corporate, 65;
functional, 64
industry, 64
medium, 64–5
of space, 67
technological, xi, 3–4, 41, 50, 64
telecommunications, xi, 64
Cooley, C.H., 154–6, 160, 170
Corner, John, 18n, 101
Couldry, Nick, 113, 120n, 165–6n, 225n
media as mythological ‘centre’ of social
life, 210–11
symbolic inequality of media
friends, 152–3
talk shows and the ‘reallyreal’, 218
talk shows as ritual, 218
Crowley, David, 41, 42
cultural capital, 34
cultural studies, concerns of, 4, 5, 42n, 43n
concern for passive audience, 22
influence on media studies, 4, 117
culture industry, xii, 9, 31, 39, 50, 52, 68,
85, 88–9, 97, 119, 141, 148–9, 161, 195,
207, 213–14
mass media as, 23–5
and the personal web page, 220
cybercafé, 78, 223n
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