National Geographic

Rudder45 feetSeamen passed the timeweaving, playing checkers,and carving designs intobaleen or the ship’s hull.``````Sailors slepton straw-filled sacks.``````Anchors attached bycables were hoistedonto the San Juan bythe capstan.``````When sailing, pilots care-fully recorded distances,tides, and the ship’s prog-ress, guided by rudimen-tary instruments such as asandglass—to measure timeand speed—and a compass.``````Found under kelp and silt, the ship’s flat-tened hull had been preserved for centu-ries by icy waters. The first plank broughtup was oak, not native to the region butknown to be used by the Basques. RedBay is now a UNESCO World Heritage site.1978: RECOVERING THE SAN JUANCCrew’srew’sqquartersuarters``````OOfficers’fficers’qquartersuarters``````CCaptain’saptain’scabcabininof mastBottoBottomof mastm RRudderRudderudderTillTillererComCompassboboxpxassSSandglassandglassCCapstanapstanBiBilgeppumpulgempOriginal position oOriginal position of the shipwreckf the shipwreck BacBack viewk viewRecoReconstruction of remainsnstruction of remainsAActual remainsctual remains SSeaflooreafloor``````4 45 feet 5 feetReRed Bayd Bay PPasajesasajesMore thanMore than 2 2,000 miles,000 milesNnot allny andn intoe crewdomi-tury.``````During voyages, thecrew cooked foodin cauldrons over astone-lined firebox.