National Geographic

LondonAmsterdamRouenAntwerpNantesBristolstolPasajesSPAINIcelandandJan MayenSpitsbergenGreenlandARCTICCIRCLE``````ATLANTICOCEANLawrenceGulf ofRed BayEUROPEAFRICATERRANOVA(NORTH AMERICA)Basque fishing orwhaling area (1530–1760)Main trading city for whale oilOther Basque whaling locationJUN.Sailing Hunting and processing oil SailingDEC.2 3 412340°30°45°N(^60) °WCider: 220 barrels1,000 barrels weretransported in piecesto preserve space.Stones secured barrels.Small barrels:sardines, oliveoil, baconWATERLEVEL5 whaleboats(chalupas) 5 coppercauldronsShip’s biscuits:240 barrelsWine209tonstonsSHIP WEIGHTCARGO239biscuitsShip’sRopelldiaca)galExtra-large(bota)247 gallonsLarge120 gal(pipa)Medium(barrica)55 galCaptain Master(shipboard accounts)Steward5(^2016)(rigging and sails)Boatswain Gunner Carpenter5Harpooners5(strips blubber)Flenser (barrelmakers)Coopers Chalupaskippers Seamen ApprenticesCaulkerOFFICERSOFFICERSWorking womenWith sailors gone for monthsat a time, women regularlyworked on the docks. Headwraps distinguished eachwoman’s city of origin.Barrel shippingThe cost-consciouswhalers carried oil on theirreturn trips in reusablebarrels originally designedfor the wine trade.LondonLLondonondoAmsterdamAAmsterdamnmsterdamRouenRRouenoueAntwerpAntwerAntwerpn pNantesNaNantesntesBristolBristoBristollstolstolPasajesPasajePasajessSPAINSSPAINPAINIcelandIceIcelandlandaandndJan MayenJan MaJan MayenyenSpitsbergenSpitsberSpitsbergengenGreenlandGGreenlandreenlandAAARRRCCCTTTIIICCCCCCIIIRRRCCCLLLEEEATLANTICATLANTICATLANTICOCEANOCOCEANEANLawrenceLawrenceGulf of GulGulf of f of^Red BayRed BaRed BayyEUROPEEUREUROPEOPEAFRICAAAFRICAFRICATERRANOVATERRANOVA(NORTH AMERICA)(NORTH AMERICA)Basque fishing orBasque fishing orBasque fishing orwhaling area (1530–1760)whaling area (1530–1760)whaling area (1530–1760)Main trading city for whale oilMain trading city for whale oilMain trading city for whale oilOther Basque whaling locationOther Basque whaling locationOther Basque whaling locationJUN.JJUN.UN.SailingSailingSailing Hunting and processing oilHunting and processing oilHunting and processing oil SailingSailinSailinggDEC.DDEC.EC.222 333 4441112223334440°0°0°30°30°30°45°45°45°NNN(^606060) °°°WWWCider: 220 barrelsCider: 220 barrelsCider: 220 barrels1,000 barrels were 1,000 barrels were1,000 barrels weretransported in pieces transported in pieces transported in piecesto preserve space.to preserve space.to preserve space.Stones secured barrels.Stones secured barrels.Stones secured barrels.Small barrels:sardines, olive sardines, olive Small barrels:Ssardines, olivemall barrels:oil, baconooil, baconil, baconWATERWWATERLEVELLEVELLEVELATER5 whaleboats 5 5 whaleboats whaleboats(chalupas)(chalupas)(chalupas) 5 copper 5 5 copper coppercauldronscaucauldronsldronsShip’s biscuits:Ship’s biscuits:240 barrels 2 Ship’s biscuits:240 barrels 40 barrelsWineWWineine209209209tonstotonsnstonstotonsnsSHIP WEIGHTSSHIP WEIGHTHIP WEIGHTCARGOCACARGORGO239239239biscuitsbbiscuitsShip’sShip’sShip’siscuitsRopeRRopeopellllddiacca)iaa)ggalalExtra-largeEExtra-largextra-lar(((botabotabota)))ge247 gallons 2 247 gallons 47 gallonsLargeLLargearge120 gal 120 120 gal(pipa)(pipa(pipa)ga)lMediumMediuMediumm(barrica)(barrica)(barrica55 gal55 gal 55 gal)CaptainCaptaiCaptainn MasterMMasteraster(shipboard accounts)(shipboard accounts)(shipboard accounts)StewardSteStewardward555(^202020161616)(rigging and sails)(rigging and sails)(rigging and sails)BoatswainBBoatswainoatswain GunnerGuGunnernnerCarpenterCarpenteCarpenterr555HarpoonersHarpoonersHarpooners555(strips blubber)(strips blubber(strips blubber)FFlenserFlenserlenser )(barrelmakers)(barrelmakers)(barrelmakers)CoopersCCoopersoopers ChaluskippersChalupaskippersskipperChalupapas SeamenSeaSeamenmen ApprenticesAppApprenticesrenticesCaulkerCaulkeCaulkerrOFFICERSOFFICEROFFICERSSOFFICERSOOFFICERSFFICERSOn a typical voyage, the captain handled navigationand ship operations; the master managed shore oper-ations and cargo. A ship of this size usually had a crewmade up of 60 to 65 men and boys.MASTER AND COMMANDEDCanadian researcherSelma Huxley Barkhampored over Basquearchives detailing thefate of the ship and howit was provisioned—analysis that helpedlocate the 1565 wreck.Floorboards could beremoved to fit barrelson return trips.OUTFITTING THESAN JUAN