10.4
INCLUSION, CONTROL, AND AFFECTION:
DEVELOPING COMMITMENT AND TEAMWORK
Inspired by Will Schutz.Why do people commit, or fail to commit, to working cooperatively within organizations?
What inspires people to become other-centered, as opposed to self-centered, within work-
groups and organizations? These questions challenge leaders to create work environments that
sustain motivation, teamwork, and accountability. Three interpersonal needs are especially
central to securing peoples’ commitment within workgroups and teams:
- Inclusion—a sense of being recognized, involved, and accepted;
- Control—a sense of having a responsible role and of being invited to influence; and
- Affection—a sense of being respected, supported, and close to other members of the
group.
INCLUSION(“AMIINOROUT?”)
CONTROL (“AM I UP OR DOWN?”)
AFFECTION(“AM I CLOSE OR DISTANT?”)
308 SECTION 10 TOOLS FORLEADINGTEAMS ANDGROUPS
Behaviors- associating with others
- sharing information
- joining in
- having contact
- participating
Feelings when included- recognized, respected
- significant
- involved
- “in” (belonging)
- a sense of status
Feelings when excluded- ignored
- left out
- forgotten
- neglected
Behaviors- having a measure of control over
your own work - having influence with group
members, and over issues that
affect you
Feelings with sense of control- competent
- confident
- in control
- a sense of personal and team power
Feelings with no sense of control- humiliated
- powerless
- inadequate
- out of control
Behaviors- being able to disclose true
thoughts and feelings to others in
the group, without fear or punish-
ment
Feelings when liked- openhearted
- accepted and accepting
- honest
- appreciated
- liked
- belonging
Feelings when disliked- rejected, put off
- disliked, unlikable
- distant
- judged
- alien