48 Europe The Economist November 6th 2021
might be able to govern with smaller, more
tractable allies than the ones that have just
let him down. Miguel Maduro, an ally of Mr
Rangel in the psd leadership contest,
wants to return to an informal arrange
ment where whichever of the two biggest
parties ends up with the secondlargest tal
ly of seats agrees not to try immediately to
topple a minority government led by the
other one.
But all the moderate parties are warily
watching Chega, a farright party with just
one deputy now, but worryingly strong
support in the polls. Mr Rangel refuses to
govern with Chega. (Mr Rio has been more
equivocal.) If Chega squeezes the other
parties, any new government will be tricky.
Portugal may be joining a new European
normal: shrinking established parties,
growing extremes and complexcoalitions,
a kind of permanent geringonça. nF
armers in southernItalyareculti
vating avocados and mangos. Tropical
creatures such as the rabbitfish are turn
ing up in Mediterranean nets. And Bor
deaux winemakers fret that their Merlot
grapes may become extinct. Fifty years
ago all this would have been unthink
able. But since the early 1980s rising
temperatures have forced some farmers
to swap grapes for passion fruit.
Italy and France have long been proud
of their cuisines. Both countries jeal
ously guard the rules that say only ham
made in Parma can be called “Prosciutto
di Parma”, and only fizzy wine made in
Champagne can be called champagne.
Roquefort, that most celebrated of blue
cheeses, was given special protection by
the parliament of Toulouse in 1550.
The fact of having been grown some
where famous has traditionally been
seen as a guarantee of quality. But cli
mate change could upset that. Take
polenta, a popular Italian dish consisting
almost entirely of ground maize. High
temperatures and drier weather have
already reduced maize yields in southern
Italy. If this pattern continues and
spreads northwards, will Italian polenta
makers have to order their maize from
elsewhere? And what about durum
wheat, which grows abundantly in Medi
terranean lands and is used to make
pasta, flatbreads and couscous? Model
ling suggests that durum yields will
sharply fall there if the temperature
keeps on rising.
So should gourmands worry about thefutureofspaghetti?GabrieleCola,a
researcheratMilanUniversity,isopti
misticabouttheshortterm.“Idon’tsee
cropsatseriousrisk,becausefarmingis
moreinformedandtechnologically
capable,soit canalwaysrespondto
changes,”hesays.Increasedirrigation
cancountertheeffectsofdrought.Scien
tistsmayalsobreedmoreresistantvari
etiesofcrops.
Butinthelongrundeeperchange
seemslikely.Iftemperaturesriseun
abated,farmersinnorthernEuropemay
findtheycangrowsouthernstaples;
polentamayinvadeGermany.And
southernlocavoresmayhavetoadapt.If
tropicalfruitcontinuetothriveinSicily,
couldhamandpineapplepizzaoneday
beconsideredauthenticallyItalian?GlobalwarmingandfoodHot cuisine
How will climate changeaffectgastronomy?GeorgiaHeavy vetting
Q
ueen yulia spends her nights lip
synching in a cheap wig and a disco
ball bra. Sometimes she does so on a plastic
horse. She is one of a handful of profes
sional drag queens in Georgia. She is also a
coowner of Success Bar, the country’s only
avowedly gay pub. (Some other clubs in
Georgia run occasional gay nights.) Before
she made a living on stage, she was in
charge of “face control” for the bar. For
bouncers at most other venues, that meansmaintaining an air of exclusivity by letting
in only stylish folk. For Queen Yulia and se
curity guards at other lgbt events in Geor
gia, it means screening out bigots who
might turn violent.
This is hard. Hatred, unlike a cool out
fit, is not instantly visible. Partygoers hop
ing to attend a gay night at Bassiani, a near
by club, must submit their names, dates of
birth, links to their Facebook profiles and
even passport numbers days in advance.
The party’s security team then screen for
signs of prejudice before allowing anyone
to hit the dance floor. Nomadic Boys, a tra
vel blog catering to gay tourists, advises
clubgoers in Tbilisi to “avoid entering in
big groups” and “keep silent as the bouncer
scans you”, lest innocent punters be taken
for violent homophobes. Such scrutiny is
needed in Georgia, where violence against
gaypeople is alarmingly common.
On July 5th antigay rioters ransacked
the headquarters of gayrights groups that
had planned a pride march that day. The
thugs injured dozens of journalists cover
ing the attack. One cameraman who was
beaten later died, though the cause of his
death remains unclear. Irakli Garibashvili,
Georgia’s prime minister, called the pride
march a “propagandistic parade”. He said it
ought to have been cancelled, since 95% of
Georgians oppose its message. The march
planned for Tbilisi wasn’t like pride cele
brations in other European capitals where
revellers throw condoms around, says Nia
Gvatua, another coowner of Success Bar.
We were just trying to walk down “one
fucking street”, she says.
Gay Georgians are used to having their
events disrupted. In 2019 bigots threw
smoke bombs at a screening of a gay ro
mance film. In 2013, as activists marked
May 17th, a day on which activists world
wide decry homophobia and transphobia,
rioters threw stones at progay demonstra
tors and tried to lynch a man they thought
was gay, says Amnesty International, an
ngo. The next year, the head of Georgia’s
Orthodox church chose to designate the
same day as an annual celebration of fam
ily values.
Most Georgians think gay sex is immor
al. In a survey in 2018 by the International
Social Survey Programme, 84% said it was
always wrong. That was a higher share than
in the Philippines, Russia or Turkey.
Success Bar thus offers an island of tol
erance. Gay people can mingle, dance and
have sex in the Dark Room, a dimly lit sec
tion of the bar. That is handy. More than
40% of Georgians live in multigeneration
al households. Grandma’s watchful eye
makes sex at home awkward for anyone,
but especially for gay couples.
Tight security keeps clubgoers safe, for
the most part. According to Queen Yulia,
gaybashers sometimes create fake Face
book profiles, posing as gay, to get into herTBILISI
Bouncers at gay clubs screen patrons
for homophobia