68 Asia TheEconomistOctober30th 2021
Emissionstargets
Zero effort
T
hereisa“uniquelyAustralian”wayto
tackle rising temperatures, believes
Scott Morrison, the country’s prime minis
ter. After weeks of being hassled to beef up
his climate commitments, his conserva
tive coalition government on October 26th
at last pledged to reduce its emissions to
“net zero” by 2050—but without address
ing the tricky matter of fossil fuels. The
country can both deliver “action on cli
mate change” and “protect the Australian
way of life”, the prime minister argues.
Australia has long danced around cli
mate change. It is the world’s biggest ex
porter of coal by both energy and value.
Mining of all sorts accounts for 11% of gdp
and supports some 270,000 jobs. Over the
past 11 years, three of Mr Morrison’s prede
cessors have lost their jobs for trying to cut
greenhousegas emissions.
That Mr Morrison still leads the coun
try, even while uttering words like “net
zero”, is progress of a sort. Yet his govern
ment had to concede something to its in
ternational allies before the un’s climate
talks start in Glasgow on October 31st. Alas,
its plan has “all the strength of a wet paper
bag”, as Joe Fontaine, an ecologist, put it.
Mr Morrison’s government will not
pass a law to enforce any cuts. Nor will it
put a price on carbon, as a Labor govern
ment did between 2012 and 2014, before the
scheme was ripped up by the conserva
tives. Instead, Mr Morrison’s vision rests
on five principles, which boil down to hop
ing and praying. Apart from “technology
not taxes” and “drive down the cost” of
technology, the principles include keeping
energy cheap, not insisting anybody do
anything, and promising to be accountable
for its progress.
There is “no new money, no new policy
and no credible plan”, says Tim Baxter of
the Climate Council, an ngo.His organisa
tion calculates that Australia is doing less
to cut emissions than any other rich coun
try. The government’s proposal, dating
from Paris in 2015, aims to reduce green
housegas emissions by 2628% by 2030
from 2005 levels, compared with the 50
52% that America promises. No matter,
says Mr Morrison. Australia will surpass its
goal, with reductions of about 3035%. Yet
for it to do its part to keep global tempera
tures below 2°C as it promised in Paris, it
too would have to raise its target to at least
50%, according to the Climate Targets Pan
el, a group of scientists. Hitting 1.5°C would
involve cutting by 74%.
Australia’s intransigence matters for
the rest of the world. Coal is still the source
of most of the country’s electricity, ac
counting for a big chunk of its domestic
emissions(see chart). Factoring in the vast
quantities it exports, the country of just
25m people rises from the world’s 15thbig
gest emitter of CO 2 to its fifth. It is lobbying
alongside other energy giants such as Sau
di Arabia to weaken the un’s recommend
ations for phasing out fossil fuels.
Neither of Australia’s major parties has
any plans to do so. Its coal exports are
booming, and the federal and various state
governments are waving through new
mines as prices rise. Mr Morrison’s has ap
proved the expansion of three in the past
two months. It also wants to open five new
naturalgas fields as part of a “gasfired re
covery” from the pandemic. Mr Morrison
plans to limit the damage by pumping
A$20bn ($15bn) into “lowemissions” tech
nologies. Green pressure groups complain
that it is prioritising projects in nascent
fields such as carbon capture and storage,
which give it an excuse to keep burning
fossil fuels.
Still, Mr Morrison may calculate that he
has done enough to placate voters in a
coming election. More than 60% of Austra
lians think that climate change is a “seri
ous and pressing problem”, compared with
36% in 2012, according to the Lowy Insti
tute, a thinktank in Sydney. Yet fewer
want to make changes that would lighten
their wallets. Less than half of people sur
veyed in another poll want coalfired pow
er to be phased out within a decade, and
44% would prefer to keep exporting the
stuff until overseas demand dries up.
The lack of alarm is all the stranger giv
en that the continent feels the effects of cli
mate change more acutely than many rich
countries. It suffers crippling droughts
and increasingly ferocious bushfires. Half
its most prized natural treasure, the Great
Barrier Reef, has been killed by warming
waters. Islands in the Torres Strait, off its
northern coast, are slipping into the sea.
“Time is ticking,” says Yessie Mosby, a Tor
res Strait Islander who is part of a group
trying to force the government into more
urgent action by lodging a humanrights
claim with un. Three decades, he says, is
too long for Australiatowait to cut emis
sions. By then, hispeople“will be refugees
in our own country”.n
Australia’s climate policy is all talk
and no trousers
The Australian way
Australia, greenhouse-gas emissions
Gigatonnes of CO equivalent
Sources:Grattananalysis;ClimateTargets Panel
*Landuse,land-usechangeandforestry †Excluding fuel use
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
30252015102005
Pathways
required
to reach:
Net total emissions
Other
LULUCF*
Industrial
processes
Transport
Electricity
Agriculture†
1.5°C
°C
FORECAST
Sun, sea, fresh air
Afghanistan’seconomy
The next crisis
F
irst the children lost their bedridden
father. Then they lost their griefstrick
en mother. Then they were left to fend for
themselves in west Kabul. In normal times
their plight would have been tragic. In to
day’s Afghanistan, where more than half
the population is running short of food, it
was deadly. Neighbours said they helped
out with bread and water where they could,
but it was not enough. Earlier this month
the eight children starved to death. The
youngest was less than two years old.
Afghanistan is on the brink of the
world’s worst humanitarian crisis, the un
said on October 25th, exceeding even the
misery in Syria and Yemen. A new report
from unagencies estimates that some 23m
of the country’s 38m people will not have
enough food to get through the winter un
less aid is rapidly scaled up.
The crisis has been a long time coming.
Drought and war had already left many
destitute. The fallout from covid19 lock
downs squeezed household finances fur
ther. Since the Taliban took over the coun
try in August, the economy has collapsed.
The unestimates that half the country was
I SLAMABAD
More than half of Afghans may go
hungry this winter