70 The Economist October 30th 2021
China
Feminism
The long wait
I
n 2012 a groupof feminists protested
against a shortage of public toilets for
women by using men’s lavatories instead
(see picture). Statesecurity police re
sponded by harassing and threatening
them. But the government took up their
cause. Cities started building more toilets
for women. Last year, at the un, China cit
ed this as a big achievement of its efforts in
the past five years to improve the lot of
women. It did not mention the people who
had pushed for such change.
Most of the toiletreform activists have
been forced to give up their campaigning.
Some are subject to intense surveillance by
the state. Several have become fitness fa
natics, going to gyms to run and lift
weights. “Many of us suffer from depres
sion and anxiety,” says one. “Exercise is a
way for us to prepare for whatever comes
next, good or bad.”
Feminist causes are not dead. The
country’s media are not allowed to report
on the #MeToo movement, an online cam
paign against sexual harassment that took
off globally in 2017. But the same griev
ances have bubbled up in China. A growing
number of women are suing powerful men
for sexual assault. #MeToo has fuelled an
“unprecedented interest” in women’s
rights, says Lu Pin, a Chinese feminist who
went into selfexile in America in 2015.
Officials are making some effort to
show they care. In 2019 China’s highest
court added sexual harassment as grounds
for filing a lawsuit. The Ministry of Educa
tion now works with universities and
schools to curb it on campuses. An anti
sexualharassment clause was included in
China’s first civil code, which took effect
this year. Darius Longarino of Yale Law
School says the Communist Party often re
presses activists while trying to show that
it is fixing the problems they raise.
But the party has used its control of the
media and internet to turn #MeToorelated
debate into something more suited to its
own needs. Censors have suppressed use
of the #MeToo hashtag and its Chinese
equivalent, but have allowed selective dis
cussion of a handful of cases that reflect
badly on people or institutions that are in
the party’s sights.
The entertainment industry and its ce
lebrities are among the party’s targets. It
fears that they are undermining moral rec
titude in China by mimicking the worst ex
cesses of Hollywood. In August police ar
rested Kris Wu, a pop star, after he was ac
cused by a university student of pressing
women to have sex with him. The govern
ment banned many online groups that
drooled over him and other male celebri
ties. Some of these also happened to be fo
rums for debate about women’s rights.
This year state media have also high
lighted an alleged sexual crime involving a
manager of Alibaba, a technology giant.
The man was accused by a female employ
ee of forcing her, while on a business trip,
to drink until she blacked out, and then of
raping her. The company fired the man,
who then was cleared by police of any
crime. The scandal happened to coincide
with a sweeping regulatory clampdown on
Alibaba and other large nonstate tech
companies, seemingly motivated in part
by the party’s desire to curtail their enor
mous economic clout.
Despite its efforts to appear woke, the
party is reluctant to upend a patriarchal
social order in which women are routinely
A row about toilets reveals a lot about women’s place in China
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— Chaguan is away