78 Business The Economist October 30th 2021
T
radecoffeeshiftedunder1mbags
of whole and ground beans between
beginning operations in April 2018 and
the start of the pandemic in March
2020. By the start of 2022 it will have
sold another 4m or so, says its boss,
Mike Lackman. It has benefited from a
covidera craze for subscriptions. Con
fined at home, consumers round the
world hit “subscribe” on all manner of
boxes delivered to their doorsteps, from
drinks and meal kits to scented candles,
razors and underwear. Sales in America
surged by over 40% during 2020 to
$23bn according to eMarketer, a re
search firm. But hanging on to those
customers as lockdowns start to ease
will be hard.
Investors like a business which
offers recurring sales and oodles of data
on customers. The Subscription Trade
Association reckons global revenues
grew at an average annual rate of 17%
between 2014 and 2019. That encour
aged venturecapital firms to invest
close to $3bn worldwide in online
subscription firms between 2018 and
2020, according to PitchBook Data. But
finding customers is pricey and keep
ing them has proved hard, given high
cancellation rates among those who
find themselves tossing away unused
products at the end of the month. Ship
ping costs nibble away at margins.
Competition has intensified, both
from a fresh influx of startups and large
established firms that have launched or
acquired their own services. Early
entrants such as Walmart, which in
troduced Beauty Box in 2014 featuring
popular cosmetic brands, and Unilever,
a British consumergoods giant, which
bought Dollar Shave Club for $1bn in
2016, have been joined by the likes of
urbn, which owns fashion brands such
as Urban Outfitters. In 2019 it launched
Nuuly, a clothingrental service.
More firms are fighting over a pie
that will expand more slowly as cus
tomers return to physical shops. Com
panies such as Mr Lackman’s are trying
to adapt. He is giving subscribers more
flexibility over how often they receive
coffee. Stitch Fix, an online clothing
marketplace, has introduced oneoff
purchases. But acting more like a reg
ular online retailer diminishes the
advantages of selling subscriptions,
and may not stop shoppers from click
ing the “unsubscribe” button.
Retailsubscriptionservices
Outside the box
N EW YORK
Alockdown boom may be ending
Shell
Splitting time?
“T
here is perhapsno bigger esg op
portunity than in ‘Big Oil’, and specif
ically, at Royal Dutch Shell.” Regarding
Shell as an environmental, social and go
vernance investment is the hypergreen
explanation offered by Dan Loeb for his
move against one of the fossilfuel indus
try’s biggest firms. Third Point, an activist
hedge fund run by Mr Loeb, revealed on Oc
tober 27th that it has taken a stake (thought
to be worth $750m) in the AngloDutch oil
firm. His aim, Mr Loeb declared, is to un
leash trapped shareholder value by forcing
the breakup of the energy supermajor.
The accelerating race to decarbonise the
global economy has put the world’s oil
companies in a bind. They are denounced
as immoral carbonspewers for peddling
petroleum. On October 28th, executives
from several big oil firms were due to be
grilled by America’s Congress, with some
politicians vowing a repeat of the treat
ment handed out to Big Tobacco. In May
Shell was ordered by a Dutch court to slash
its emissions of greenhouse gases (ghgs)
by 45% below the levels in 2019 by the end
of this decade, a ruling that it is now chal
lenging in a higher court.
In response to the legal challenge and
mounting financial pressure from esgin
vestors, Shell’s management has been
speeding up its cautious embrace of green
ery. The firm says spending on renewable
energy and lowcarbon technologies will
make up a quarter of its budget by 2025. It
is putting money into hydrogen, carbon
capture and sequestration, and other non
oily efforts. It is also slowly shrinking its
petroleum footprint, divesting some
$4.7bn worth of refineries and hydrocar
bon assets in the first half of 2021. Environ
mentalists remain unsatisfied.
On the other hand, the company is also
criticised by hardhearted investors who
care little for esgfads but do demand bet
ter financial returns. Though Mr Loeb dons
a green cloak, he is more obviously in this
camp. His explanation for his move on
Shell starts by observing that “it has been a
difficult two decades for shareholders”,
with annualised returns of only 3% and
falling returns on capital. On October 28th,
Shell’s announced quarterly results that
sought to please everyone. It said that ad
justed profits had increased fourfold com
pared with a year ago and that cash flows
were at a record, and set a new target of
halving its emissions by 2030 compared to
2016 levels.
Third Point thinks Shell’s longrun un
derperformance arises from “too many
competing stakeholders pushing it in too
many different directions.” The resulting
incoherent strategies can only be fixed, it
insists, by breaking up Shell into “multiple
standalone companies”. ihsMarkit, a re
N EW YORK
An activist investor sets its sights on an oil supermajor
Keep on trucking?