98 The Economist October 30th 2021
Obituary Anne Saxelby
E
uropeanvisitorstoAmerica,thatlandofinfinitevariety,
have often been struck by strange instances of sameness. Why,
for example, are all pencils yellow, with a pink eraser at the end?
Why do so many local newspapers have the same antique mast
head?And why, until 2003, were all dollar notes the same size and
colour, whatever the denomination?
Few things have surprised them more, almost into the present
century, than the sameness of cheese. From sea to shining sea,
America has traditionally offered six. Industrial milky mozzarella,
as on pizza; blue cheese, usually as sauce in a plastic bottle; Swiss,
a block of pale, thin, rubbery slices, tasting of nothing; Monterey
Jack, a pale attempt at Cheddar; inoffensive cream cheese; and
then, in orange glory, processed cheese, liquid or semisolid, to
melt onto burgers or to drown nachos in.
Anne Saxelby was brought up, in Chicago, with all that schlock.
Kraft singles were the default in her house, and “fancy cheese” was
white American, sliced to order, from the supermarket deli. But
she became so fascinated by the possibilities of cheese in America
that in 2006 she opened, in Essex Market on New York’s Lower East
Side, a tiny stall that sold cheese made only on farms in America’s
northeast. It was the first anywhere, and within a few years, even
as supermarkets gradually upped their game, she was the most
famous cheesemonger in town. By 2020 hundreds of restaurants
had regular orders and close to 50 farms, half of them less than two
decades old, supplied her. She was not only educating New York
ers, but helping to save her farming friends, their herds, and a
whole sustainable way of life in the green hills of New England.
With no domesticcheese culture to build on, she doubted any
one would come to her shoebox in Essex Market. But she offered
plenty of samples (“Taste as much as you can!”) and welcoming,
encouraging smiles. Thus customers were introduced to Jasper
Hill Calderwood, a hayripened raw cow’smilk cheese, and Harbi
son, a petite bloomyrind number wrapped in spruce bark; Spring
Brook Tarentaise, a sharp, firm Alpine cheese, and Vermont Shep
herd Verano, an aged sheep’s cheese, nutty and slightly sweet.
They might be led at last to Twig Farm Old Goat, wellaged and
rare, and to boldly try even cheese they were sure they wouldn’t
like, such as the stinkiest washedrind kind. Eagerly, but slowly,
she would turn their taste buds round.
She also calmed more general fears. Cheese did not make you
fat; 75% of its calories might come from fat, but it was the good
sort. (And if it made you fat, how was she so trim, when she ate at
least four ounces a day?) The runaway gooeyness of soft cheese
wasn’t bad or wrong, but a sign of everincreasing deliciousness.
Slather it on a crust, and see! You could eat cheese with mould—
just cut it off—and it would still be fine even if you forgot it for a
day or so in the bottom of a backpack, as she had in the days when
she used to tote 25lb of it every Saturday to the stall with her busi
ness partner, Benoit Breal, wobbling on their bikes across the city.
Cheese was alive, in a good way. Rather than going off, it won
derfully ripened. And contrary to the beliefs of most Americans,
the rawmilk cheese that filled her stall was not dangerous. As
long as the animals were healthy and the cheesemaking sanitary,
raw milk offered only benefits: a better taste, with the full grassy
savour of the terroir, and easier digestion, since all those gutas
sisting microbes were no longer killed off by overheating.
Her own education in cheese had taken a while. The first
epiphany came on a trip to Florence in her 20s when, as she nib
bled on Pecorino and blissed out over Gorgonzola, she asked her
self why she couldn’t get these things at the grocery store back
home. A few months on a farm in the Loire showed her how tightly
European cheese was regulated, subsidised, tied to place and em
braced by consumers, the work of centuries. But American cheese
makers had one big advantage: freedom. They could make their
own cheese, give it a quirky name, and bring it to market with the
help of advocates like her. They could create their own traditions.
Woodcock Farm’s Timberdoodle was pure cow’s milk in winter,
partsheep’s in the summer. What European would ever do that?
In order to learn more about cheese, through which she now
viewed the world, she travelled all over the northeast. Her suppli
ers were her teachers, and on visits to them she would ask a mil
lion questions, as she had done on her first counterstint at Mur
ray’s cheese store in Greenwich Village. She would begin by noting
what the milking herds ate, besides fresh pasture: in the first cut of
hay, rough grass and fibrous stalks; in the second cut, sweeter
grass and flowers, all flavouring the cheese. Proudly she singled
out the women farmers who were playing such a role in the mod
ern revival, especially in goat cheese, as they had in the distant
past. The whole virtuous cycle, from contented ruminants to
healthier human beings and thriving rural communities, thrilled
her with its neatness and rightness.
Covid19 was a trial, with a milk glut and restaurants closed, but
it did not dismay her. She switched largely to mail order from her
Brooklyn warehouse, and as soon as possible was back at her new,
bigger stall in Chelsea Market. With three small children, too, she
seemed to have the energy of several women, and hoped to go on
for years pioneering, gaining both depth and complexity like a
good wheel of cheese. But she died of the heart condition she had
never allowed to deflect her.
As a student in art school she had thought she might be a paint
er, but the world of galleries was cold and pretentious. Instead she
felt like an artist when occasionally she made cheese herself, turn
ing milk into curds, curds into a slippery fresh wheel, patiently at
tending to detail. She especially loved the Dutch Old Masters, and
her holiday cheeseboard was another still life like theirs: five Ver
mont cheeses arranged by colour and texture among nuts and rai
sins, prosciutto and bright sliced apples. All those elements came
together round the transcendent joy of cheese: a joy now glorious
ly various, from just one small corner of America. n
Say cheese, America!
Anne Saxelby, champion of artisan dairy farmers, died on
October 9th, aged 40