B cells: Provide a humoral immune response because they produce an
antigen-specific antibody.
T cells: Provide a cellular immune response. Mature T cells are com-
posed of CD4 and CD8 cells. CD8 cells are responsible for destroying
foreign and viral inhabited cells, and they suppress immunologic func-
tions. CD4 cells, also known as helper T cells, stimulate immune func-
tions, such as B cells and macrophages. A macrophage is a cell whose
functions include ingesting foreign or invading cells.Vaccinations
There are three types of vaccinations:
Live, attenuated: This vaccination contains a weakened pathogen.
Inactivated: This vaccination contains portions of a dead pathogen.
Toxoids:A microorganism itself might not cause an infection, but toxin
released by the microorganism might cause the infection. Toxoids are
vaccines that are a defense against the toxin.
Visit the American Academy of Pediatrics Web site (www.cispimmunize.org)
for the recommended immunization schedule for children.
Common reactions to a vaccination are: swelling, redness, and pain at the
injection site and fever of <102°F and fussiness.
Severe reactions to a vaccination that require emergency care are fever
>102°F, anaphylaxis, and persistent crying for >2 hours.(^304) Pediatric Nursing Demystified
FIGURE 14-1