Oral hypoglycemic agents, 186t, 187–188, 187t
Osteogenesis imperfecta, 287–288
Osteogenic sarcoma, 160–161
Osteomyelitis, 291–292
Otitis media (OM), 58–59
Otoscopy
examination with, 40
for otitis media, 57
Ovaries, 178f, 180–181
Overweight, 35
Oximetry, pulse. SeePulse oximetry
Oxytocin hormone, 179
P
Pain
rebound, 233
in sickle cell anemia, 134
Palatoplasty, 236
Palivizumab, 84
Pallor, 38
Palpebral fissures, 40
Pancreas, 178f, 180, 230f, 232
Pancreatic duct, 232
Papules, 318, 327
Parasympathetic nervous system, 201
Parathyroid glands, 178f, 180
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 180
Parent–child bonding, poor, 17
Paresis, 44
Parietal lobe, 198f, 200
Parietooccipital fissure, 200
Parotitis, 312–314
Parvovirus B19, 311
Patch, 327
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 103–107
causes and mechanisms of, 103–104, 104f
nursing interventions for
with cardiac catheterization, 105–106
with cardiac surgery, 106–107
signs and symptoms of, 104
test results in, 104–105
treatment for, 105
Pathogen, 302
Pavlik harness, 286
Pediculosis capitis, 65–67
Periosteum, 278
Index^375
Peripheral nervous system, 198, 200–201, 201
Peritonitis, 233
Personality, 38
Pertussis, 308–310
Petechiae, 39
Petit mal seizure, 202, 203
Pharyngitis, 75–76
Phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme, 192
Phenylalanine, in phenylketonuria, 192
Phenylketonuria (PKU), 192–193
Phosphorus, in musculoskeletal system, 278
Photography, culture and, 8
Photophobia, 206
Physical contact, culture and, 8, 34
Physical development stages, 14f
Physical examination, 38–44
abdomen, 42
back and extremities, 43–44
chest, 41
ears and hearing, 40
eyes and vision, 40
general, 38
genitourinary, 42–43
hair, 39
head and neck, 39–40
lungs and respiration, 42
mouth, throat, nose, sinuses, and neck, 40–41
nails, 39
skin integrity, 38–39
systematic approach to, 38
Physical milestones
in early childhood, 18–19
in newborn/infant, 15
in school-aged child, 21–22
in teens, 25
Pia mater, 199
Pineal gland, 178f
Pituitary glands, 178f, 179–180
Pituitary tumor, 190
Plaques, 327
Platelets, 126
Pneumococcal meningitis, 205
Pneumonia, 81–82
Poisoning, 21
Poliomyelitis, 314–315
Poliovirus vaccine, 314