Encyclopedia of Buddhism

hwadu, 158
insight meditation, 8, 226, 520, 524,
526, 577, 647, 666, 754, 798,
889–890
jingzuo(quiet sitting), 174
ko
an, 157, 237–238, 314, 349, 528–529,
569, 928–929
mindfulness meditation, 521
and mozhao Chan, 428, 568–569
research on, 685–686
s ́amatha, 889
and Sa skya school, 751
and scriptural study, 757–758
severance meditation, 485–486
Shugendo
and, 773–774
“sleep exercise,” 701
and Tiantai school, 847, 849–850
and vinaya, 886–887
visual support for, 185, 258,259, 327,
523
Yoga
ca
ra and, 919–920
zazen,390, 528–529
meditation centers, 890
Meghavarman, King, 50
Meiji Buddhist reform, 517, 530–531,
585–586, 643–644, 659, 765,
767–771, 773, 924
memorial portraits, 662–663
memorial rites, 21–22, 129, 206–209, 207,
209,291–292, 308–309, 379, 544,
633, 701, 859
memorization, of scripture, 757
men, 294–295, 303, 306, 446. See also
gender; monks
Menander, King (Milinda), 356, 367, 537
Mencius, 172, 174
mental culture, and meditation, 523–524
mental health, 684–685
merchants, 244–245, 547
merit and merit-making, 229, 392–395,
446–447, 532–534,533, 533,
533–534, 560, 672, 833, 842, 882,
928
amulets and, 15–16
and da
na,196, 245–246
local divinities and, 467–468
in Myanmar, 576–579
su
tra-copying, 394–395, 474
in Therava
da, 838–840
transfer of merit, 21–23, 139, 208, 217,
246, 310, 447, 532
Merv oasis, 120
messianism, 28. See alsoMaitreya
Metteyya, 73
Miaoying, 553

Miaoyun ji, 913

Mi bskyod rdo rje, 418, 484, 856

middle way. Seepath

Mi ’gyur rdo rje, 856

Mihintale, 800–801

Mihirakula, 642

Mijiao (esoteric) school, 150, 338, 511,

534–535. See alsoesoteric art, East

Asia; Tantra

Mi la ras pa (Milarepa), 48, 407–408,

488, 536, 853

Milindapañha,19, 532, 536–537,602,

634

millenarianism and millenarian

movements, 449, 537–540,538–540,

658–659, 813. See alsonationalism

and Buddhism; Pure Land

Buddhism

Minamoto Tamenori, Sanbo
e, 447

mindfulness (smrti),138, 523–524,

540–541,601–602, 686–687, 754,

889. See alsoconsciousness, theories
     of; meditation
     “mindfulness of the body,” 64
     Mindon, King, 898
     mind-only theory, 904. See also
     consciousness, theories of
     Ming, Emperor, 140
     Mingkin, 579
     Mingun Pagoda, 580
     minkan shinko
     , 291
     Minnanthu, 575
     Min Yide, 200–201
     miracles, 29–30, 85, 541–544, 543
     miracle tales, 227, 292, 395, 543
     Miran, 125
     Miru ̆ksa, 436
     misogyny, 763
     Mis ́raka
     bhidharmahrdayas ́a
     stra
     (Dharmatra
     ta), 4, 220
     missionaries
     Buddhist, 105, 121, 140, 248, 466–467,
     816, 836, 865
     Christian, 160, 163–165, 531, 584, 643
     Mission Pavie, 458
     Mithra, 538
     Mitsui Koshi, 162
     Mituo, 816
     Miyake Hitoshi, 291
     Mizuko Kuyo
     , 10, 544. See alsoabortion
     Mkha’ ’gro snying thig, 426
     Mkha’ khyab rdo rje, 418
     Mkhan po Gzhan dga’, 857
     Mkhas grub, 215–216, 484, 629, 855
     Mkhas pa rnams ’jug pa’i sgo(Sa skya
     Pandita), 753

Mnga’ ris pan chen Pad ma dbang rgyal,

856

Mochizuki Shinko
, 99

modernity and Buddhism, 163, 544–548,

545, 547–548, 646. See also

colonialism and Buddhism;

economics; engaged Buddhism

modernization, 194–195, 448–449,

545–546, 546,584–586, 767

mofa, 212

Mogao, 118

Moggaliputta Tissa, 188

Katha
vatthu,377, 502, 504, 627, 840–841

Mohan Wijayaratna, 556

Moheyan (Maha
ya
na), 69–71

Mohe zhiguan(Zhiyi), 475, 548–549, 927

Mon, 782–783, 787

monasteries, 199, 245, 433, 575, 591, 617,

678, 780, 841–842. Seemonastic

architecture; monasticism; names of

monasteries

administration of, 566–567

economics of, 245–246, 433, 780,

818–819, 872–873

growth of, 357–358

and monastic militias, 560–561

private, 582, 589–590

as sacred space, 789–790

monastery gods, 768–769

monastic architecture, 12, 17, 39,

122–123, 178, 191, 259, 323–327,

325,363, 404–405, 436, 549–556,

578, 590–591, 700, 774, 781–782,

789–790, 803–807, 838, 841–842.

See alsocave sanctuaries; space,

sacred; temple system in Japan;

names of monasteries

monastic Buddhism, 492

monastic code. Seevinaya

monastic discipline, 9, 131, 133, 229, 229,

404, 459, 499–503, 523, 547,

557–558, 615–616, 626, 667–668,

673–675, 762. See alsoprecepts;

vinaya

monastic family, 280–281, 464

monasticism, 33–34, 129, 140, 280–281,

355, 388–389, 431, 434, 446, 458,

493–496, 514–516, 532, 547,

556–560,557, 588–590, 673–675,

861, 897. See alsoordination

monastic militias, 516, 560–561,659. See

alsowar

monastic routine, 133, 135, 559

monastics, categories of, 557–559

monastic training, and perspectives on

body, 63–66

monastic vocation, 568

INDEX

VOLUME 1, PP. 1–478: VOLUME 2, PP. 479–929