Encyclopedia of Buddhism

ROUTES OF

TRADE AND

RELIGIOUS

DISSEMINATION IN

xxxix ASIA

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

B
UDDHISM

Group.Map of trade routes and religious dissemination of Buddhism in Asia. XNR Productions, Inc. Reproduced by permission of the Gale







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Mt. Ko\ya
Mt. Chogye Shikoku
Mt. Minobu
Mt. Tiantai
Mt. Jiuhua
Mt. Wutai
Mt. Putuo
Mt. Hiei
Mt. Kaila\s;a
H
I
M
A
L
A Y
A S
120 °E
80 °E 90 °E 100 °E 110 °E
70 °E
(^10) °S
0 °
(^10) °N
(^20) °N
130 °E
Anura\dhapura
Amara\vatê

Karil Prathis≥èha\naEllora
Na\sik Ajan≥èa\
Valabhê

Samarkand Kokand
Kashgar
Ferghana
Khotan
Niya Cherchen
Miran
Loulan
Somapu\ri
(Hmawza)S:rêks≥etra

TakkolaChaiya
Borobudur
Prambanam
Malayu
Kadaram
Daha
Yogyakarta
Vien Srah
Oc EoVyadhapura
S:res≥èhapura
Sukhothai
Phayao
Indrapura
Vijaya
Kauthara
Panduranga
Hue
Hong Kong
Hanoi
Xinzhou
Chengdu
Taipei
Nakhon-Pathom
Pagan
Takon
Chiangmai
Mogaung
Sri DevaAyutthaya
Bhima-
pura
Nanhai
(Canton)
Jiankang
(Nanking)
Heian (Kyoto)
Kamakura Edo (Tokyo)
Luoyang
Longmen
Yun&gang
Kyo ̈ngju
P&yo ̈ngyang
Hanso ̈ng
(Seoul)
Ungju NaraUji
Long-bien
Yong
Chang
Chang&an
(Xi&an)
Kutaraja
Kalah
Langkasuka
Nagara S:rê Dharmara\ja
(Nakhon Si Tammarat)
(Palembang)S:rêvijaya

Hamsavatê
(Pegu)
Sudhammavatê
(Thalon)
Haripun]jaya
(Lamphun)
Javapura
(Lopburi)
Pa\èaliputra
Kathmandu
Lha rtse
(Lhatse)
Sa skya (Sakya)
Keriya
Charkhlik
Se ra
Na\landa\
Sa\rna\th
Dharamsala
Parlharapura
GilgitChilas
^Bras spung (Drepung)Bsam yas (Samye)
Multan
Ka\nyakubja
Kaus;a\mbhê
Praya\ga Otantapu\ri
Bodh Gaya\
Od≥d≥iya\na
Taxila
(Taks≥as;ila)S:rênagar
YarkandKarghalik
Yangi Hisar
Kizil
Turfan Kizil
Aksu Kucha Karashahr
Dunhuang
Bukhara
Kandy
Surparaka
Sa\n]cê

Ba\miya\n
Mingora
Sheghna
Mathura\
Osh
Lhasa
Beijing
Gzhi ka rtse
(Shigatse)
Vikramas;êla
Angkor
Naravaranagara
Chin-lin
Purus(Peshawar)≥apura

(Kabul)Kapisi

Kalya\n≥a
Ka\ncipuram
Na\ga\rjunakon≥d≥a
Ratnagiri
Ta\mraliptê

Polonnaruva
INDIA
CHINA
JAPAN
IRAN
MONGOLIA
TAJIKISTAN
BHUTAN
BANGLADESH
NEPAL Tibet
Bactria
Sogdiana
SRI LANKA
KYRGYZSTAN
MYANMAR
THAILAND
MALAYSIA
CAMBODIA
LAOS
TAIWAN
EAST
TIMOR
NORTHKOREA
S. KOREA
BRUNEI
PAKISTAN
PHILIPPINES
AFGHANISTAN
TUR
KM
EN
IST
AN
UZBE
KIST
AN
I
N
D
O N E S
I
A
VIE
TN
AM
N
0 200 400 mi.
0 200 400 km
Routes of Trade and
Religious Dissemination
in Asia
Silk road

Other trade road

Spread of Buddhism into Korea
and Japan

Spread of Maha\ya\na Buddhism

Spread of Therava\da Buddhism

Spread of Tibetan Buddhism

Central Asian oasis

Sacred mountains

Tibetan Buddhist monastery

City