final outcome. In the Puming version, the boy tames
the ox and the two coexist in a paradisiacal state, and
then move into a mystical realm. By the penultimate
picture, the ox is gone, and in the last, the boy also dis-
appears, leaving an empty circle. In the Kuoan version,
the empty circle appears in the seventh picture, but by
the end the boy, without the ox, reenters the ordinary
world to apply his enlightenment in the marketplace.
See also:Chan School
Bibliography
Miyuki, Mokusen. “Self-Realization in the Ten Oxherding Pic-
tures.” In Self and Liberation: The Jung/Buddhism Dialogue,
ed. Daniel J. Meckel and Robert L. Moore. New York: Paulist
Press, 1992.
Reps, Paul. Zen Flesh, Zen Bones,collected by Paul Reps and tr.
by Paul Reps and Nyogen Senzaki. Boston: Charles E. Tut-
tle Publishing, 1957.
Suzuki, D. T. The Manual of Zen Buddhism.London: Rider and
Company, 1950.STEVENHEINEOXHERDINGPICTURES