Bibliography
Abé Ryuichi. The Weaving of Mantra: Kukai and the Construc-
tion of Esoteric Buddhist Discourse.New York: Columbia Uni-
versity Press, 1999.
Achard, Jean-Luc. L’essence perlée du secret: Recherches philologi-
ques et historiques sur l’origine de la Grande Perfection dans
la tradition rNying ma pa.Turnhout, Belgium: Prepols Pub-
lishers, 1999.
Bailey, H. W. “Vajrayana Texts from Gostana.” In Studies of Es-
oteric Buddhism and Tantrism.Koyasan, Japan: Koyasan
University, 1965.
Chou I-liang. “Tantrism in China.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic
Studies8 (1945): 241–332.
Davidson, Ronald M. Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social His-
tory of the Tantric Movement.New York: Columbia Univer-
sity Press, 2002.
Davidson, Ronald M. “Reframing Sahaja: Genre, Representa-
tion, Ritual, and Lineage.” Journal of Indian Philosophy 30
(2002): 45–83.
Faure, Bernard. “Japanese Tantra, the Tachikawa-ryu, and
Ryobu Shinto.” In Tantra in Practice,ed. David G. White.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.
Hakeda, Yoshito S., trans. and ed. Kukai: Major Works.New
York: Columbia University Press, 1972.
Jong, J. W. de. “A New History of Tantric Literature in India.”
Acta Indologica(Naratasan Shinshoji) 6 (1984): 91–113.
Kiyota, Minoru. Shingon Buddhism.Tokyo and Los Angeles:
Buddhist Books International, 1978.
Lessing, Ferdinand D., and Wayman, Alex, trans. Mkhas Grub
Rje’s Fundamentals of the Buddhist Trantras.The Hague and
Paris: Mouton, 1968.
Namai, ChishoMamoru. “On Bodhicittabhavanain the Eso-
teric Buddhist Tradition.” In Tibetan Studies—Proceedings
of the 7thSeminar of the International Association for Tibetan
Studies, Graz 1995,ed. Helmut Krasser et al. Vienna: Verlag
der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1997.
Nihom, Max. Studies in Indian and Indo-Indonesian Tantrism:
The Kuñjarakarnadharmakathana and the Yogatantra.Vi-
enna: Institute of Indology, University of Vienna, 1994.
Orzech, Charles D. Politics and Transcendent Wisdom: The Scrip-
ture for Humane Kings in the Creation of Chinese Buddhism.
University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.
Przyluski, Jean. “Les Vidyaraja: Contribution à l’histoire de la
magie dans les sects mahayanistes.” Bulletin d’École Francais
d’Extrême-Orient23 (Hanoi, 1924): 301–318.
Regamey, Constantin. “Motifs vichnouites et s ́ivaites dan le
Karandavyuha.” In Études tibétaines dédiées à la mémoire de
Marcelle Lalou.Paris: Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient, 1971.
Sanford, James H. “The Abominable Tachikawa Skull Ritual.”
Monumenta Nipponica46, no. 1 (1991): 1–15.
Smith, E. Gene. Among Tibetan Texts: History and Literature of
the Himalayan Plateau.Boston: Wisdom, 2001.
Snellgrove, David L. “The Notion of Divine Kingship in Tantric
Buddhism.” The Sacral Kingship: Contributions to the Cen-
tral Theme of the Eighth International Congress for the His-
tory of Religions.Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1959.
Snellgrove, David L. Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists
and Their Tibetan Successors,2 vols. Boston: Shambhala, 1987.
Sørensen, Henrik H. “Esoteric Buddhism in Korea.” In The Es-
oteric Buddhist Tradition,ed. Henrik H. Sørensen. Copen-
hagen and Aarhus, Denmark: Seminar for Buddhist Studies,
1994.
Strickmann, Michel. Mantras et mandarins: le bouddhisme
tantrique en Chine.Paris: Gallimard, 1996.
Van der Veere, Hendrik. A Study into the Thought of Kogyo
Daishi Kakuban.Leiden, Netherlands: Hotei, 2000.
Wallace, Vesna A. The Inner Kalacakratantra: A Buddhist Tantric
View of the Individual. Oxford and New York: Oxford Uni-
versity Press, 2001.
Wayman, Alex. Yoga of the Guhyasamajatantra: The Arcane Lore
of Forty Verses.Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1977.RONALDM. DAVIDSON
CHARLESD. ORZECHTAOISM. SeeDaoism and BuddhismTATHAGATATathagatais the epithet used by the Buddha in refer-
ring to himself. In Sanskrit and Pali, it can mean
either “Thus-Gone-One” (tatha-gata) or “Thus-
Come-One” (tatha-agata). In translating the term, Ti-
betans generally opted for the former meaning, and
East Asians for the latter. In either case, the implica-
tion is that the Buddha has come (or gone) in the same
manner as his predecessors, the buddhas of the past.See also:Buddhahood and Buddha BodiesJOHNS. STRONGTATHAGATAGARBHAThe tathagatagarbha (“matrix,” “seed,” or “treasure-
store of the Tathagata”) is a MAHAYANABuddhist doc-
trine expressing the conviction that all beings haveTAOISM