1010 The Korean king Hyo ̆njong (r. 1009–1031) orders
the carving of woodblocks for a complete Buddhist
CANON. This monumental undertaking is finished in
1087, but the woodblocks are destroyed by the
Mongols in 1232.1090 The Korean monk–prince U ̆ICH’O ̆N(1055–1101)
publishes a catalogue of 1,010 indigenous East
Asian Buddhist works; woodblocks of these works
are carved as a supplement to the first Koryo ̆Bud-
dhist canon, but these are burned by the Mongols
in 1232.1175 HONEN(1133–1212) founds Jodoshu, an indepen-
dent sect of Japanese PURELANDBUDDHISM.1200 CHINUL(1158–1210) revives So ̆n (Korean Chan
school) and seeks to reconcile the doctrinal and
meditative strands of Korean Buddhism.1202 Eisai (1141–1215), with support of the Kamakura
government, establishes the new Rinzai Zen sect (of
the Japanese Chan school).1233 DOGEN(1200–1253) founds the SotoZen sect.1236 The Korean court orders the preparation of a second
set of woodblocks for printing the Buddhist canon;
this set of more than 80,000 woodblocks is com-
pleted in 1251 and is now stored at Haeinsa.1253 NICHIREN(1222–1282), founder of NICHIREN SCHOOL
of Japanese Buddhism, begins teaching.1392 The Korean dynasty of Choso ̆n (1392–1910) is
founded; the new kingdom adopts neo-Confucianism
as the state ideology, leading to some five centuries
of persecution of Buddhism in Korea.ca. 1570 Japanese general Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582)
undertakes a military campaign to destroy Buddhism
in Japan, eventually defeating Pure Land and
Nichiren strongholds and burning Tendai head
monasteries on Mount Hiei.1592 Korea is invaded by Japanese general Hideyoshi
Toyotomi (1536–1598), leading to widespread de-
struction of Buddhist sites; Korean monks HYUJO ̆NG
(1520–1604) and YUJO ̆NG(1544–1610) establish a
monk’s militia, which played a major role in defeat-
ing the Japanese.1868 The new Meiji government in Japan orders separation
of Buddhism from Shinto, creating Shintoas an inde-
pendent “ancient” state cult and suppressing Bud-
dhism; the regime reduces the status of Buddhist
clergy to that of ordinary “imperial subjects,” and re-
quires clergy to assume Japanese family names, at-
tend compulsory education, eat meat, and marry.JAPAN ANDKOREA