A
Abadai Khan, 562–563
abbots, Chan, 129, 133, 136, 559
portraits, 662
Abhayadatta, Caturas ́ltisiddhapravrtti, 491
Abhayagiri, 801, 807
Abhayagirivasins, 506, 795
Abhayagirivihara, 644
Abhidhammapitaka,223, 627
Abhidhammatthasan ̇gaha(Anuruddha),
3, 670
Abhidhammavatara(Buddhadatta), 3,
223
abhidharma,1–7,10, 75, 113, 183–187,
203, 299–300, 495, 505, 523, 649,
681, 746, 756, 914–915
Abhidharmadlpa (Dlpakara), 4
Abhidharmahrdaya(Gandhara), 7, 220
Abhidharmahrdayas ́astra
(Dharmas ́resthin), 4
Abhidharmahrdayas ́astra(Upas ́anta), 4
Abhidharmakos ́abhasya(Vasubandhu), 4,
7–8,21, 204, 220, 377–378,
416–417, 424, 602–603, 670, 748,
878, 914–915
Abhidharmapitaka, 220
Abhidharmasamayapradlpika
(San ̇ghabhadra), 4
Abhidharmasamuccaya(Asan ̇ga), 32, 914,
916
abhidharmatexts, 2–4
Abhidharmavatara(Skandhila), 220
abhijña(higher knowledge), 8–9,29, 51
abhipraya, 320
abhiseka,178, 375
abortion, 9–10
in Japan, 533, 544
abortion rate, in Buddhist countries, 9
abstract analysis, in abhidharma, 5
abundance, iconography of, 361–362
accumulation, 243–245, 872–873
Achan Man Bhuridatto, 832, 898
Achan Sao Kantasllo, 832, 898
acquired enlightenment (shijue, shikaku),
619–620, 770
action, concept of. Seekarma (action)
activism. Seeengaged Buddhism
actualizing enlightenment, 905
adana, 681
adhikarana-s ́amatha, 667
adhimukti,277–278
Adi-buddha, 87
administrators, monks as, 566–567
Adzhina-tepe, 120
Afghanistan, 41, 366–368, 454, 640–642
cave sanctuaries, 117–118
manuscript caches, 120
Afghanistan, Buddhist art in, 150
afterlife, 20
in apocrypha, 27
in Chinese folk religion, 290
in Japanese folk religion, 292
agamacollections, Sanskrit, 746, 756
agama/nikaya,10–12,112, 218, 354–356,
358, 616, 668, 741–742, 744, 914. See
alsomainstream Buddhist schools
Agamas ́astra(Gaudapada), 331
Aggañña-sutta,269–271, 302
Aggavamsa
Saddanlti, 628
Agni, 121Agrawala, V. S., 425
agriculture, 243–244
ahimsa(nonviolence), 893–894
Aihole, 369
Airtam, 120
Aitken, Robert, 248, 868, 925
Ajanta, 12–13,117, 118,360, 361,365,
402, 550, 789, 806
Ajatas ́atru, King, 84, 86, 233, 238, 424
Ajlvikism, 415–416
Ajñatakaundinya, 232
Akamatsu Renjo, 531
Akhbar al-Sln wa-l-Hind, 381
Aksobhya, 13,73–74, 497, 698
images, 260, 326
Aksobhyavyuha,73–74, 698
Alagiyavanna Mohottala
Dahamsonda kavya, 778
Kusa Jataka, 778
Subhasita, 778
Alahena, 796
Alavaka-sutta, 911
alayavijñana,13,20, 38–39, 176, 224,
683, 919
Al-Biruni, 642
Alchi, 13–14,322, 323,324, 325
Alexander the Great, 364, 366
Altan Khan, 193, 562
Aluvihare, 777
Amarapura, 579, 797
Amaravatl, 363, 369, 550, 805–806
Amaravatlstyle, 800–801
Amarbayasgalant khiid, 563, 565
Amaterasu, 274
Amavatura(Gurueugomi), 778, 796945INDEX
Page numbers in boldfacepoint to the main text entry for each subject;
page numbers in italicsrefer to illustrations.